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The study offers a comprehensive overview on the works and activity of József Eötvös, central personality of the 19th-century modernisation of political culture and educational system in Hungary. It also reveals the paradoxical consequences of his efforts, namely the fact that while the first and second generation of Hungarian intellectuals returning home from Germany in the early ’40s and after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867 successfully contributed to the building of the modern cultural nation, at the end of the century the generation of émigrés chose Germany on purpose to escape the nationalistic institutional framework of Hungarian culture and sciences.
E fez-se a luz : contribuições do medium fotográfico para a instauração do realismo literário
(2009)
The nineteenth century was the scene of deep changes in several areas of society: art, industry, science and others. Officially emerged in 1839, the photographic medium was received, discussed and practiced by many of these areas. This article deals with the arisal and the first receptions of photography in the artistic sphere, considering the shock between painting x photography, the discussion about visible reality and its forms of representation in art. It is also briefly discussed the artistic and social context in which the first realistic publications appeared, the importance of photography in these texts, how they were received in Germany and the fundamental differences between French and German literary realism. Thus, it is intended to point the emergence of the photographic medium as one of the aspects which - through the theoretical and conceptual reconfigurations which have taken place in art - contributed to the establishment of the realistic movement in painting and literature.
The object of this paper is to attempt a comparison between the perception of the big city by an author of German expressionism, Georg Heym, and the Brazilian modernist Mario de Andrade. The aim is to compare the poetic visions of two cities, Berlin and Sao Paulo, at the beginning of the twentieth century and highlight both, the coincidences and differences in the perception of urban life, based on the ideas of the German sociologist Georg Simmel on the life of man in modernity and the stimulations of nerve impulses.
Thiago Benites dos Santos: Inovação técnica e os media óticos em Kafka. ; Vítor Jochims Schneider: O olhar fotográfico e textual em Prosa do Observatório de Julio Cortázar. ; Márcia Lappe Alves: The question of point of view. ; Ana Lúcia Silva Paranhos: Le Désert Mauve de Nicole Brossard: Un Parcours dans l’univers de la traduccion littéraire. ; Daniel Iturvides Dutra: A literatura de ficção – científica e os problemas de tradução para a mídia fílmica. ; Larissa Rohde: Notes on Narayan’s Prose. ; Claudio Vescia Zanin: Abjection and Evil in ‘Haunted’. ; Fernanda Fernandes / Robert Ponge: Um breve estudo da intriga e de dois personagens de Roberto Zucco, peça de Bernard-Marie Koltès. ; Jaqueline Bohn Donada: ‘Romola’, by George Eliot, and its Conflicts. ; Maria Izabel V. Domingues: Literatura Escocesa e Literatura Brasileira: nacionalismo, regionalismo e algumas sutilezas. ; Vanessa Costa e Silva Schmitt/Robert Ponge: A medicina em ‘A Obra Em Negro’ de Marguerite Yourcenar: as diversas profissões da arte de curar no século XVI. ; Kelley B. Duarte: A escrita autoficcional e os percursos de memória em Régine Robin. ; Ivonne Mogendorff: ‘Andamios’ de Mario Benedetti – Memoria en las huellas del desexilio. ; Carlos Eduardo Meneghetti Scholles: Storytelling Coyotes: the Coyote Trickster Figure in Thomas King. ; Valter Henrique Fritsch: Apropriação do Discurso Mítico: Cassandra Profetisa a Pós-Modernidade. ; Érika Azevedo/Robert Ponge: André Breton e os primórdios do surrealismo. ; Monica Stefani: ‘You are what you read’: intertextual relations between Patrick White’s ‘The Solid Mandala’ and F. Dostoyevsky’s ‘The Brothers Karamazov’. ; Adriane Veras: A Reading of Sandra Cisneros’s ‘The House on Mango Street’. ; Lisanea Weber: Uma leitura sobre a escravidão no romance epistolar de Ina von Binzer.
Máximas
(2008)
In Kants Analyse der moralischen Gesinnung und der einer moralischen Handlung zugrundeliegenden Absichten und Motive spielt der Begriff der Maxime eine zentrale Rolle. Der folgende Text versucht zu klären, was unter einer Kantischen Maxime zu verstehen ist.
This article parts from an interdisciplinary point of view. Its main interest lies in the rich and complex interaction between the literary text and the image. These relations are understood as a “reciprocal illumination between the arts”, according to a publication of Oskar Walzel (Berlin, 1917). It will first investigate two historical landmarks in relation to literature and the image: first, the social differentiation around 1800 and its imposition of a purely textual literature and second, the avant-garde with its intense interaction between the various forms of artistic communication. The paper will then approach two contemporary examples of novels which combine visual and textual material.
This article will provide a general look on modern literature as partially configured by medial history. It parts from the impact of Gutenberg’s invention on social differentiation and the romantic literary concepts, and then looks on photography as an important reference for the realistic aesthetics as well as the initial struggle of film against the domination of the traditional literary medium. It closes with a brief historical overview on what one may call precursors of the hyperlink in literary communication.
Augusto Boal and Raduan Nassar are two important figures of Brazilian culture who reflected their country inside its borders as well as beyond them. In two of the writings that are part of the book 'Lateinamerikaner über Europa', which was organized by Curt Meyer-Clason, both of them write what they think about Europe. In “Um índio desterrado. Carta a um amigo” (A banished Indian. Letter to a friend), by Augusto Boal, one can see the reflection of a person who thinks about the relationship between Brazil and Europe from the perspective of theatrical activity, and, most specifically, the perspective of the “Theatre of the Oppressed”. Likewise, in “Imitação e valorização própria” (Imitation and self valorization), Raduan Nassar undertakes a socioeconomic reading of the relationship between the European continent and Brazil on a historical basis.
Macunaíma : eine Rhapsodie
(2007)
During the first decades of the 20th century emerges a Brazilian artistic movement that aims to break with the cultural models imported from Europe. As a landmark one may cite the Week of Modern Art in São Paulo and Mário de Andrade as one of its main figures. His novel Macunaíma stands for one of the central pieces of modern Brazilian literature and was considered by Andrade as a literary rhapsody. This article aims to compare the formal elements of the rhapsody with the actual text written in 1928.
Fifteen years after his death in 1991 one can trace a certain tendency to turn the person and personality of Herbert Caro into a legendary figure where his work as a recognized translator mingles with episodes related to his passion for music as well as his specific kind of humour. It is therefore of no surprise that Caro himself turned into a literary character of the novel As Confissões de Lúcio by Brazilian writer Fernando Monteiro.
During the 1930s through the 1940s and into the 1950s, Spanish and German presentations in opposition to ardent nationalism share strikingly common aesthetic and ideological strategies supporting claims to a transnational, international space. Specific examples of common geography, identity and language in German and Spanish presentations (theater, short stories, reports, essays, speeches and poetry) in Spain and Latin America by German (Regler, Renn, Uhse), Spanish (J. Bergamin, R. Alberti, M. Aub) and Latin American (D. Rivera, P. Neruda, C. Vallejo) intellectuals, artists and activists during the 1930s through the 1950s will be explored. For example, German-speaking audiences and artists in Spain and Mexico shared a common lived and aesthetic space as Spanish-speaking audiences and artists. Further, many German presentations were translated into Spanish and visa versa. Here, presentations in “Das Wort” and “El Mono Azul” in Spain as well as “Freies Deutschland/Alemania libre” in Mexico will be referenced in developing a sense of re-definition of the concept of ‘foreign’ and ‘commonness’ beyond simply nationality (tradition, history and geography) and language. The impetus for an alternative, international and even revolutionary ‘space’ (as defined by Henri Lefebvre in The Production of Space) was produced in and through common Spanish and German strategies and realizations in their presentations. This Spanish-German example from the early/mid-part of the 20th century is a significant contribution to contemporary interdisciplinary discussions in the 21st century.
"Ah, a tradução […] exige um coração recto, devoto, fiel, esforçado, temente, […] douto, experimentado e destro. Por isso, tenho para mim que um […] espírito faccioso não é capaz de traduzir com fidelidade." (Lutero) Está sempre presente na mente do tradutor, de forma mais ou menos inconfessada, de forma mais ou menos inconsciente, e muito mais ainda no caso da tradução literária, pois é dela que estamos a falar, uma série de instâncias controladoras que regulam a sua produção como um superego de interesses divergentes. Este superego transforma o seu trabalho numa negociação de decisões drásticas e difíceis que envolvem: (a) a (pseudo) autarcia do texto ou ditadura do original; (b) o sistema de disponibilidades e exigências da língua de chegada; (c) aqueles que consideramos nossos pares, colegas de ofício, constituindo ao mesmo tempo o nosso desafio e a nossa segurança, que sempre temos em mente, mesmo sabendo que nem sempre terão tempo de nos ler, ou aqueles que por imperativo de profissão nos lêem e de quem esperamos a compreensão das nossas opções; (d) por contraponto, os “ím-pares”, eventualmente conhecendo as línguas, outras vezes nem por isso, mas ignorando o que é tradução, ao pensar que esta se resolve com equivalências lexicalizadas e automáticas, desconhecendo também as condições especiais da tradução literária; (e) o público real, a sua capacidade de interpretação e a medida da sua disponibilidade para processar a resistência criativa de um texto; (f) e os editores, com as suas linhas de orientação interna e as exigências que se prendem com o marketing.
Science in Wonderland
(2008)
Lewis Carroll's Alice, who first explores Wonderland (1865) and later on the country behind the Looking-Glass (1872), belongs to the most well-known characters in world literature. [...] The scientific reception of Carroll's stories – concerning physics as well as the humanities – has taken place on different levels. On the one hand, […] various Carrollian ideas and episodes obviously correspond to topics, subjects and models that are treated in the contexts of scientific discourses. Therefore, they can be quoted or alluded to in order to represent theories and questions […] – as […] physical models of the world […]or theoretical models of language and communication. […] On a more abstract level of observation, Carroll's stories have been used in order to explain and to discuss the pre-conditions, the procedures, and the limits . of scientific modeling as such. Above all, they make it possible to narrate on the problem of defining and observing an 'object' of research. […] According to Deleuze, the paradox structures of the world that Alice experiences give an idea of all meaning being groundless and all logic being subverted by the illogical. Finally, besides all affinities of Alice's adventures to scientific attempts to explain the world, the absolutely incomprehensible is present in Carroll's books as well. Especially the self proves to be something profoundly incomprehensible […].
Mit der Abwendung von Norm- und Regelpoetiken […] wird der Weg frei für individuell-besondere, dezidiert anti-systematische Reflexionen über Literatur. Im 20. Jahrhundert ist es für die Mehrzahl der Schriftsteller selbstverständlich, das eigene literarische Schaffen theoretisch-reflektierend zu begleiten. Oft knüpft sich die poetologische Reflexion an persönliche Geschichten über Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen des Schriftstellers, unbeschadet der sogenannten poststrukturalistischen Totsagung des Autors (vielfach allerdings in direkter oder indirekter Reaktion auf diese). Erinnert sei an Uwe Johnsons „Begleitumstände“, an Peter Härtlings „Finden und Erfinden“, an Peter Bichsels „Der Leser, Das Erzählen“, an Hermann Lenz' „Leben und Schreiben“ als einige Vorlesungsreihen aus der Folge der Frankfurter Poetikvorlesungen, die hier stellvertretend für viele andere stehen können. Erscheint vielen Autoren das eigene Œuvre als nachhaltig durch persönliche Erfahrungen geprägt, so ist es nur folgerichtig, wenn Auskünfte über dieses Œuvre sich mit Berichten über eigene Erlebnisse verbinden. […] Zwischen Autobiographie und Fiktion bestehe allenfalls eine fließende Grenze, so […] Hermann Lenz in seiner (programmatisch betitelten) Vortragsfolge „Leben und Schreiben“; entsprechend sei das Schreiben über die Genese der eigenen Fiktionen reflexive Selbstdarstellung. Die Vortragssituation wird zur Spiegelfläche, auf der das Gesicht des Schriftstellers erscheint. Aber was für ein Gesicht ist das?
Wie Enzensberger […] verdeutlicht, eröffnen literarische Texte […] einen Raum, in dem unterschiedliche und kontroverse wissenschaftliche Theorien […] miteinander kollidieren, wodurch ihre Bedingtheit und Relativität erkennbar wird. Die modernistische […] Vorstellung, Literatur sei subversiv, stelle in Frage, was immer sich als absolute Wahrheit ausgebe, relativiere die Ordnungen des Wissens und insbesondere alle sich verbindlich gebenden Theorien über den Menschen und die natürliche Welt, hat an Aktualität nicht verloren. […] Philosophen und Literaturtheoretiker verschiedenster Denkrichtungen kommen […] darin überein, daß Literatur subversiv ist: Gegen falsche Sicherheiten und gegen die Illusion absoluter Wahrheit gerichtet, deutet sie auf die Vieldeutigkeit aller Dinge und die Vielzahl inkompatibler Betrachtungsperspektiven hin, indem sie selbst vieldeutige und multiple Welten erzeugt. In dieser Eigenschaft ist das literarische Schreiben durch keinen anderen Diskurs ersetzbar. Die ihr hier zugeschriebene subversive Rolle als Instanz kritischer Reflexion über Begriffe, Theoriebildungen und Wissenschaft kann die Literatur allerdings nur dann spielen, wenn sie in engem und dauerhaften Kontakt zu den Wissenschaften bleibt. Die Kritik an Wissensdiskursen setzt einen ständig zu aktualisierenden .Informationsstand voraus: über die jeweils dominanten wissenschaftlichen Paradigmen, Kernbegriffe und Moden, die Strategien wissenschaftlicher Konstruktion und Darstellung dessen, was ist.
[D]ieser Veranstaltungstyp [wurde] 1996 etabliert […] und die komparatistisch angelegte Konferenz der Abteilung 2012 [wird] nunmehr zum 17. Mal in Folge ausgerichtet […]. Über den Kreis der 15 Referenten hinaus war sie mit etwa 120 aktiv mitdiskutierenden Teilnehmern gut besucht. Thematisch orientiert sich die Konferenz jeweils an einem Semesterkurs, den die Studierenden der am Department angebotenen Master‐Studiengänge (Deutsch, Französisch, Spanisch, Italienisch) durchlaufen.
Um den vielfältigen und komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Literatur und Architektur nachzugehen, versammelte die School of Language & Literature des Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS) unter Federführung von Dr. Robert Krause und Jun.‐Prof. Dr. Evi Zemanek Wissenschaftler aus philologischen und kunsthistorischen Disziplinen zu einer dreitägigen Tagung (1.‐3. Dezember 2011). Die Breite der Annäherungen an die „Baukunst (in) der Literatur“, wie sie sich in den Vorträgen abzeichnete, verdeutlichte nicht nur, wie stark das – selbst mit dem 'spatial turn' – nicht unbedingt systematisch perspektivierte Forschungsfeld sich unabhängig und dezentral ausdifferenziert hat sondern auch inwiefern ein endliches Zusammentreffen versierter Forscher längst überfällig gewesen ist.
Bakhtin and Dostoevsky shared the conviction that human life must be understood in terms of temporality. Both thinkers were obsessed with time’s relation to life as people experience it. For each, a rich sense of humanity demanded a chronotope of open time. In many respects, the views of Bakhtin and Dostoevsky coincide. Theologically speaking, one could fairly call them both heretics, as we shall see. Their differences reflect their different starting points. Bakhtin began with ethics, whereas Dostoevsky thought about life first and foremost in terms of psychology. For Bakhtin, any viable view of the world had first of all to give a rich meaning to moral responsibility. Dostoevsky could accept no view that was false to his sense of how the human mind thought and felt.
As Bakhtin noted, chronotopes arise from the density and fusion of temporal and spatial indicators. In prose narrative, the density of temporal and spatial indicators arises as a natural consequence of setting scenes and explaining action, and those indicators are fused by the centripetal forces of plot, character and so on that encourage us to read the various elements of the text as aspects of a coherent story and world. In non-narrative poetry, however, there is no story to drive the setting of scene or generation of character; there may not even be scene or character. As a result, temporal and spatial indicators can be quite sparse, and there may be little centripetal force to encourage their fusion. In a textual environment bereft of character, plot, scene, in which even the centripetal forces of syntax are frayed by linebreaks and other poetic devices, how can chronotopes form and function? [...] In the centripetal environment afforded by most prose narratives, the stable chronotopes and the relationships among them define consciousness, world and values. In the centrifugal environment of non-narrative poetry, chronotopes flicker and flow in a series of hints, glimpses, dissolves, defining consciousness, world and values via evanescence rather than stability. However, as I hope to show below, the evanescence of chronotopes in non-narrative poetry can be as central to the vitality and meaning of those texts as the stability of chronotopes is to the vitality and meaning of prose narratives.