800 Literatur und Rhetorik
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The principles of ERRANS are introduced by considering two radically different contexts: Within academic publishing, the literary form of the edited collection is as common as it is denigrated and rarely reflected upon. The account being offered (within an edited collection) seeks to not only reinterpret the status of the genre, but argues in favor of a curatorial errancy within scholarly communication. Yet errancy has also become a crucial touchstone in management and leadership studies, whether as 'disruptive innovation' or 'VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) worlds', inviting a different consideration of the relationship between capitalism and its political and artistic critiques than the one offered by Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello - one which does not consider itself untouched by the errant logics it discerns in its 'subjects'.
The representation of music in literature is often conceived in terms of a 'paragone', a debate over which of the arts ranks highest. In this context, literature is commonly spoken of as imitative or emulative of the music it is trying to represent. This premise informs even the most recent terminologies of literary scholars describing the intermedial relationship of music and literature systematically. Using the narratological concepts of 'showing vs. telling' to describe musical representation in literature, as proposed by the "Handbuch Literatur & Musik", this article argues that such a view is based on a misleading assumption about literary imitation and leads to constrained possibilities of hermeneutical interpretation. After a systematic reconstruction of the proposed terminology and a proposal for its modification, an exemplary analysis of Helmut Krausser's novel "Melodien" ["Melodies", 1993] will serve to demonstrate how a refined conception of the terminology can help to bring about more precise interpretations.
Soziologische Theorien weisen von Anfang an, seit Auguste Comte und Max Weber, eine Schlagseite in ihrer Theoriebildung auf und bleiben in ihrer Medienkonzeption beschränkt, wie wir heute wieder in Entwürfen einer Theorie der digitalen Gesellschaft beobachten können. Diese Schlagseite im soziologischen Medienbegriff resultiert nicht nur aus ihrem modernen Blick auf die Gesellschaft, sondern ebenso aus einer medialen Abstraktion; trotz ihrer Empirie sind soziologische Theorien häufig mit einer blinden Stelle in ihrem 'Medienbegriff' behaftet. Zu erinnern sei hier nur an Max Webers Begriff der Rationalität, der höchst abstrakt vom konkreten Lauf der Gesellschaft abgezogen wurde; einer angeblich entzauberten Welt der Moderne, die jedoch in ihrer 'oikonomia' in Wahrheit erst recht vollständig verzaubert auftreten sollte. So blieb und bleibt ihre Modernität, die sie gegenüber der spekulativen, transzendentalen und metaphysischen Philosophie angeblich auszeichnet, ein höchst abstraktes Produkt, das sie freilich in den modernen, ausdifferenzierten Gesellschaften als etwas höchst Konkretes und Objektives präsentieren oder, aktueller und spezifischer formuliert, statistisch, probabilistisch, stochastisch und algorithmisch errechnen wollen. In diesem medialen Reduktionismus sind heute auch neue soziologische Modelle befangen, die nunmehr die digitale Gesellschaft in einem theoretischen Rahmen unterbringen wollen, dabei aber die letzte verbliebene gesellschaftliche Bodenhaftung verlieren und vollends in einen digital-informatischen Rationalismus abdriften, gegen den dann kein Widerstand mehr möglich ist.
The reactivation of Rudi Fuchs' 1983 exhibition 'Summer Display' took place in 2009 as part of the collection series, 'Play van Abbe part 1: The Game and the Players', and was entitled 'Repetition: Summer Display 1983'. The reconstruction questioned the codes and systems used within (but also consciously and unconsciously outside) the museum and raised several questions, including: what story did the original composers want to tell, and how can this piece of history be understood today? Is the new presentation a separate exhibition entirely or a copy of the 'original' one? What is then the difference between the idea of copy, repetition, and reenactment? And what is the role of the museum's archive in the process of restaging? What can curatorial institutional archives tell us about the museum itself?
Can reenactments be a way to create counter-narratives in and for the museum? Through the analysis of political performance (or what the artist Tania Bruguera calls 'political-timing-specific' artworks), this essay discusses the potential of reenactment as both a practice of materializing memories and narratives of oppression and of rethinking museum policies in terms of preservation and display. Its main argument is that, while the archive can be regarded as a form of materializing the memory of these works, reenactment is more than a way of recovering the past; it is also a device for reconstructing memories of activism and oppression. This essay further suggests that reenactments of political-timing-specific works demand a change in accessioning, conservation, and presentation practices, which might be inclined to erase decentralized art-historical and material narratives.
Transforming a text - narrative or poetic - into a play, made of dialogues and organized into scenes, has been one of the most frequent forms of literary transcodification both in the past and in the present. We can find examples of this procedure at the very origins of Italian theatre, which indeed began as the rewriting of earlier texts, both in the "sacre rappresentazioni" and in the profane field: the Bible in the first case and the Ovidian mythologies in the second. Poliziano's "Fabula d'Orfeo" and "Cefalo e Procri" by Niccolò da Correggio are the first well-known examples of this process. Thus, the metamorphosis of a text into a dramatization has many models in the history of theatre and literature. It would be of great interest to start with an overview of the different types, aims, and forms of transcodification of texts that are enacted in order to create dramatizations capable of being performed on stage. Erminia Ardissino attempts to offer an introduction to her study of Giovanni Giudici's play about Dante's "Paradiso" with a brief discussion of three different practices of theatrical transcodification. She looks at three pièces written at the request of the Italian scenographer Federico Tiezzi between 1989 and 1990 as stage productions of the three cantiche of the Divine Comedy. Although they belong to the same project, are inspired by the same person, and share a unified aim, the three pièces created by Edoardo Sanguineti, Mario Luzi, and Giovanni Giudici show three different approaches to the task of transcodifying a text in order to produce a drama - the task, in Genette's words, of creating a theatrical palimpsest.
This paper is a study of language disorders in two works by twentieth-century poets in dialogue with Dante's Paradiso: Vittorio Sereni's "Un posto di vacanza" (1971) and Andrea Zanzotto's 'Oltranza oltraggio' (1968). The constellations that Francesca Southerden focuses on are linguistic, and the specific 'disorder' she wants to consider is aphasia - the dissolution of language. Charting the way in which Sereni and Zanzotto construct the universes of their poems as 'per-tras-versioni' of their Dantean counterpart - something 'turned aside' or 'diverted', which 'cuts across' the ideal, Dantean scheme - she shows how, in different ways, the intertextual dialogue between modern and medieval author manifests itself as a 'resemanticization' of the language of "Paradiso" or, better, of that coming-into-language of desire and the poem which, textually speaking, Dante's third canticle takes as its alpha and omega.
Anfang der 1960er Jahre publizierte das Pharmaunternehmen Sandoz mehrere Haus- und Werbezeitschriften zur Begleitung seiner Forschung und Medikamentenproduktion. Der Artikel widmet sich der deutschsprachigen Zeitschrift "Panorama", redigiert vom Stammhaus in Basel, sowie der anderthalb Jahre später ins Leben gerufenen französischsprachigen Zeitschrift "Sandorama" der Tochtergesellschaft in Paris. Die Publikationen wurden mit der Absicht konzipiert, die Marke Sandoz global bekannt zu machen. Das Zielpublikum waren Ärzte, die dazu bewogen werden sollten, die pharmazeutischen Produkte des Unternehmens zu verschreiben. Dabei musste aber auch der kulturelle Kontext der Erscheinungsorte berücksichtigt werden. Am Beispiel eines Artikels über den "Blauen Reiter", der zuerst in "Sandorama" und dann in Panorama veröffentlicht wurde, wird aufgewiesen, wie Sandoz das Zusammenspiel zwischen dem Globalen und dem Lokalen nutzte, um seine Unternehmensziele zu erreichen. Als noch weitgehend unerforschtes Feld - mit der Schweiz als Angelpunkt - bieten die pharmazeutischen Zeitungen der 1960er Jahre eine ideale Schnittstelle zur transnationalen Geschichte der Pharmazie, der Medizin, des Marketings, des Grafikdesigns sowie der Künste.
Odradek? Was evoziert dieser Name nach einem ersten, flüchtigen Blick auf den Titel der großformatigen Fotografie 'Odradek, Taboritska, Prag, 18. Juni 1994' des kanadische Künstlers Jeff Wall? Steht er für eine konkrete Person, ein Lebewesen, ein Ereignis, einen Ort; ist er eine rätselhafte Chiffre für etwas, das im Bild entziffert werden kann oder bloß ein Wort aus einer slawischen Sprache, derer viele nicht mächtig sind? All diese Fragen liefen zunächst ins Leere oder zögen uferlose Spekulationen nach sich, wenn der Titel nicht einen entscheidenden Bezugspunkt preisgeben würde. Der Name Odradek stammt nämlich aus der Erzählung 'Die Sorge des Hausvaters' von Franz Kafka.
Metabolism has long served as a broad organizing concept in Russian and Soviet culture for the exchange of material and energy between organisms and their environment. The Russian term 'obmen veshchestv', literally meaning "exchange of substances", semantically ranges beyond the Latinate 'metabolizm' (metabolism) and provides a framework for reflecting on bodies and material objects as open systems engaged in a constant process of transformation. 'Obmen veshchestv' appears in public discourse in mid-19th century Russia as a calque from the German term 'Stoffwechsel' (or 'Wechsel der Materie'). Its usage in Russia reflects the enduring influence of German science. In this entry, I will explore the development and expansion of this concept of material and energy exchange between organisms and their environment in Russia and the Soviet Union. In the course of a century, metabolism migrated from discussions of plant nutrition into physiology, thermodynamics, and ultimately into the Soviet practice of state economic planning. This entry will therefore pay particular attention to the early Soviet period when existing debates on metabolism took on new urgency as tools for praxis on every scale, from the body of the individual worker to humanity's future collective management of planetary material and energy flows.