820 Englische, altenglische Literaturen
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Genel Edebiyat Biliminin bir dalı olan "Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat", farklı dillerde yazılmış edebi eserlerin, benzerlik ve farklılıklar yönünden karşılaştırılmasıdır. Karşılaştırmaya dayalı analizlerdeki amaç, iki ya da daha fazla eserin, biçim, üslup, motif ve ya tema gibi edebi unsurlar açısından ortak ve ya farklı öğelerini belirlemektir. Edebi metinlerde kullanılan dilsel öğeleri inceleme alanı olan "Biçembilim", okuyucunun metinleri anlamasını sağlayan en önemli araçlardan biridir. Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat bilimi kapsamında çevirinin önemi yadsınamaz ve bir metin ile çevirisi, mukayeseli çalışma alanlarından biridir. Bu araştırmanın özünü, kaynak metin ve erek metin arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları örneklendirmek adına karşılaştırmalı edebi çeviri örneği oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmada, William Shakespeare'in "Sonnet 66" şiirinin Türk edebiyatçı Can Yücel tarafından "66. Sone" olarak çevirisinin, Katharina Reiss'in "içerik odaklı" çeviri modeline dayanarak nasıl yorumlandığı incelenmiştir.
Auch wenn in der Nachfolge der Aufklärung sowie mit dem Siegeszug der modernen Naturwissenschaften eine Verlustgeschichte des Transzendenzwunders geschrieben wurde und Max Weber in seinem vielzitierten Diktum von 1917 die moderne Welt als 'entzaubert' deklarierte, entpuppte sich das vermeintlich vormoderne Phänomen des Wunders in der literarischen Moderne als Reflexionsgegenstand verschiedener Fachdisziplinen. Gleichzeitig erlebte das Wunder im Drama und Theater der Moderne eine Renaissance: Jener "clamor for miracles", so George Bernard Shaw in seinem Vorwort zu 'Androcles and the Lion', wird im zweiten Jahrzehnt des 20. Jahrhunderts in England nicht nur diskursiv verhandelt, sondern für das Publikum durchaus bühnenwirksam eingesetzt, wie ich im Folgenden erläutern möchte.
This paper aims to demonstrate the hidden place of the surrealist poet, Paul Éluard, in Samuel Beckett's writing process. It will show that Beckett not only read and translated Paul Éluard, as is known, but also quoted him extensively. Moving from Beethoven to the short story "Lessness", the place of quotation as a trace of emotion will be examined.
Dieses Buch ist so Mindfuck. [...] [D]ieses Buch lebt davon, dass man keinen Plan hat. Dass man, genau wie der Protagonist, keine Ahnung hat, was da eigentlich abgeht. [...] Wie der Protagonist hinterfragt man das, was man kennt, denkt sich zwischendurch »wtf« und ist sich einschließlich des Endes nie so ganz sicher, was jetzt eigentlich Sache ist. (Weltentraeumerin 2019)
Dieses Urteil der LovelyBooks-Rezensentin Weltentraeumerin über Patrick Ness’ Mehr als das (engl. EA More Than This) ist insofern repräsentativ, als fast alle der etwas ausführlicheren Rezensionen auf der Plattform hervorheben, dass die Lektüre dieses Buches mehr Fragen aufwirft als sie beantwortet...
Nach dem Anthropologen Kaushik Sunder Rajan bedeutet der Biokapitalismus die Überdeterminierung der Wirtschaft bei biopolitischen Entscheidungen. Die Überdeterminierung heißt in diesem Fall eine starke wirtschaftlich-politische Beeinflussung der Richtung wissenschaftlicher Forderung und Entwicklung. Ein extremes Beispiel für solch ein System ist in der Dystopie "Brave New World" (1932) vorzufinden, mit der sich dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt. Zuerst werden die Begriffe der Biopolitik nach Michel Foucault und des Biokapitalismus nach Kaushik Sunder Rajan definiert. Darauf aufbauend untersucht die Arbeit den Biokapitalismus innerhalb der Gesellschaft von Aldous Huxleys Roman. Dafür wird zunächst der Autor, sein zeitlicher Kontext und der Aufbau der dystopischen Gesellschaft thematisiert. Im Hauptteil befasst sich der Aufsatz mit folgender Fragestellung: Wie zeigt sich der Biokapitalismus in Huxleys "Brave New World"? Dabei sind die Ziele des Aufsatzes die Beantwortung der Fragestellung und die Herauskristallisierung der Gefahren dieser dystopischen Gesellschaft für unsere Gegenwart. Diese werden zum Schluss im Fazit zusammengefasst erläutert.
As a postmodern detective novel, "City of Glass" circles around its genre, deconstructing topical notions such as the 'case' and citing the commonplace language of hardboiled detectives as well as Poe's archetypical Dupin. Furthermore, the novel also refers to completely different texts and genres: Milton's Christian epic "Paradise Lost", for example, is allotted an important position in the 6th chapter with its speculations about a regaining of the Adamic language. The allusions to the puritan poet Milton exemplifies how Auster synthesizes a postmodern inquiry into genre and language with references to "premodern moral questions", highlighting interesting analogies between post- and premodern practices of reading and writing. An even more astonishing example are the subtle references to Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", the best-selling puritan "spiritual autobiography" about the survival of a castaway on a remote Caribbean island, which have not yet been accorded scholarly attention. Although they don't seem to be of much significance at first sight, they, too, build on the relationship between puritan and postmodern reading and writing. In this paper, Joachim Harst unfolds the many parallels between Auster's and Defoe's first novels and shows how Auster reads "Robinson Crusoe" as an exemplary figure for existential solitude and artistic creativity. Auster's postmodern view on Defoe's novel also helps to highlight fissures in Robinson's seemingly complete "selfcomposure" via autobiography, while the colonial aspects of Defoe's novel resonate with Auster's postcolonial critique of America's puritan origins. Harst concludes with a glance at Auster's references to "Robinson Crusoe" in his other early works, especially his autofictional text "Invention of Solitude", in which he depicts the artist as "shipwreck[ed] in the heart of the city" and uses "Robinson Crusoe" to construct a biographical mythology aiming at creative authorship.
A emancipação do indivíduo (e, mais precisamente de um tipo específico de indivíduo, a saber, o "burguês") é o principal ponto de convergência entre duas obras da literatura europeia setecentista (seja insular, britânica, seja continental, alemã). São elas: "Robinson Crusoé" (1719), de Daniel Defoe, e "Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister" (1795-1796), de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Em seu cerne, ambas enfocam a formação do indivíduo por meio do deslocamento geográfico, dizendo respeito não apenas a um processo de desenvolvimento pessoal, interno, mas também a uma dimensão sócio-cultural mais ampla, englobando os avanços da industrialização e as aspirações da sociedade de seu tempo. Juntos, o romance de formação ou "pedagógico" ('Bildungsroman'), bem como a viagem de formação ('Bildungsreisen') se entrecruzam em um ponto onde o sujeito burguês busca se afirmar em uma sociedade cada vez mais competitiva, desigual, em que o o indivíduo precisa descobrir a si mesmo (saindo de seu meio, ressalte-se), na busca do alcance de uma formação pessoal - seja para se coadunar com o que a nova sociedade industrial em ascensão espera dele ou para conseguir se opor aos valores dela. Tal tensão, no caso de Goethe, é evidenciada por meio da oposição do protagonista, Wilhelm (o burguês que busca seguir as próprias aptidões, independentemente do desejo de acúmulo de bens, apoiando-se em uma "ilha humanista" representada por uma sociedade secreta) ou o personagem Werner, o tipo burguês que busca de modo exclusivo o lucro em tudo o que faz. Em suma, tem-se um representante da chamada 'Bildungsbürgertum' (burguesia da cultura) e outro da 'Besitzbürgertum' (burguesia da propriedade), respectivamente. Este último, a propósito, tem suas raízes literárias na figua de Crusoé, cuja popularidade perdura até os dias de hoje. Desse modo, este trabalho busca apresentar de que modo as transformações sociais ocorridas no século XVIII impactaram na tradição literária, representada por meio de dois nomes exponenciais da narrativa de ficção envolvendo formação individual e deslocamento geográfico, contribuindo para uma discussão a respeito do individualismo econômico. Para tanto, buscou-se o aporte teórico de autores como Franco Moretti (2014), Benedict Anderson (2008), Walter Benjamin (2012), Georg Lukács (2009), Thomas Mann (2011) e Ian Watt (2010), que aponta a referida obra de Defoe como responsável por iniciar a tradição do romance como gênero.
Although Dante’s influence on modernism has been widely explored and examined from different points of view, the aspects of Virginia Woolf's relationship with the Florentine author have not yet been extensively considered. Woolf's use of Dante is certainly less evident and ponderous than that of authors such as T.S. Eliot and James Joyce; nonetheless, this connection should not be disregarded, since Woolf's reading of Dante and her meditations on his work are inextricably fused with her creative process. As Teresa Prudente shows in this essay, Woolf's appreciation of Dante is closely connected to major features of her narrative experimentation, ranging from her conception of the structure and design of the literary work to her reflections concerning the meaning and function of literary language.
Jameson argues that in 'a society bereft of all historicity', 'what used to be the historical novel can no longer set out to represent the historical past'. The 'postmodern fate' of the historical novel is to be forced to come to terms with 'a new and original historical situation in which we are condemned to seek History by way of our own pop images and simulacra of that history, which itself remains forever out of reach. Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children" (1981) and Patrick Süskind's "Das Parfum. Die Geschichte eines Mörders" (1984) stand out as two hugely successful novels from this period that raise questions about historical representation within the space of the popular. They might therefore be used as test cases for Jameson's concerns. "Midnight's Children" is a sprawling story of Indian and British imperial and post-imperial history across the twentieth century. "Das Parfum" tells the tightly framed tale of a murderous perfumer in eighteenth-century France. Seemingly very different texts, they bear one curious similarity: both feature a protagonist with an unusually sensitive sense of smell.