830 Literaturen germanischer Sprachen; Deutsche Literatur
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This article departs from the hypothesis that Alexander von Humboldt used ‘Big Data’ in order to bring new scientific evidence into the open. His method of measuring and combining temperature, humidity, altitude and magnetism in a geographical environment must be regarded as innovative, indeed, as the foundation of modern science. Although Humboldt lived in an analogue world and used the instruments of his time, his way of assembling information was not so different from what we are seeing in today's digitalised world. Information has no value unless it is shared. It does not say anything unless it is linked with other data. It cannot remain isolated but must be compared and interpreted. The generation of ʻBig Dataʼ was a pathway to Humboldt's concept of ʻKosmosʼ in much the same way as ʻBig Dataʼ today is the pathway to a virtual world. In this sense, Humboldt not only laid the foundation of modern science but anticipated the existence of a world where data and information are the source of everything when it comes to understanding the interconnectivity of the physical and the virtual world.
Editorial [2020, english]
(2020)
In German children’s literature around 1900, the representation of childhood in pseudo-colonial realms participates in a construction of racial identities based on transcultural play. Acts of reading and scenes of instruction intersect with material objects to convey a pedagogy of race dominated by learned whiteness. This article asks: How does German children’s fiction around 1900 reconfigure national identity as imperial experience? An analysis of a noncanonical though exemplary fictional text about a jungle adventure demonstrates strategies used to include the child in the colonial experience. Imagining this ›play world‹ replicates for the child reader a sense of agency and citizenship through encounters with an indigenous mediator, an impish primate and imaginary landscapes – each represented through the lens of European epistemologies. These tropes produce tension between historical fact and imaginative fiction, working together to map a colonial geography of German identity on to a model transatlantic German childhood. Framed by theories of material objects and toys, and supported by the work of literary scholars and cultural historians, I examine the brief story »Die kleine Urwälderin« [The Little Jungle Girl] from Auerbachs Deutscher Kinder-Kalender auf das Jahr 1902 [Auerbach’s Almanac for German Children, 1902]. In it, the Amazonian setting aspires to historically factual representation, which, however, cedes considerable territory to the realm of fantasy. The projection of a German forest adventure on to a Brazilian geography elides historical truths, such as centuries of the transatlantic slave trade, and instead inserts imperial signifiers into an established syntax of the European child at play. The resulting national ideology of childhood identity in this German language story imposes colonial order on a reimagined play world.
Editorial [2021, english]
(2021)
Editorial [2019, english]
(2019)
It can hardly be disputed that the theme of popularity is central to the Enlightenment. Popularity is the sociality equivalent to the individual appeal: 'Dare to know.' Parallel to this runs the following imperative: 'Dare to encourage your neighbour and your fellow man and woman to think on their own – even though they do not belong to the erudite elite.' It is also undeniable that Romantic authors and philosophers polemically attempted to tear down the popularity project of the Enlightenment, their main criticism being its tendency towards mediocrity. It is less well known that Romantic authors and philosophers themselves, around the turn of the nineteenth century, made popularity their central concern. To quote Friedrich Schlegel in the journal Athenaeum: 'The time of popularity has come.' This article explores the Romantics' alternative conception of popularity, with especial reference to Johann Gottlieb Fichte and the Grimm Brothers. To this end, it is helpful to reconstruct the background of the Romantic attempt to create an independent concept of popularity: the debate between Immanuel Kant and the German popular philosopher Christian Garve on the necessity, possibilities, and limits of popularity.
Research has contended youth is an "invention" of the 18th century. This thesis does not contest the fact that youth was already known and accepted as a stage in life even earlier. Certain basic anthropological patterns of youthfulness, for example nonchalance, instability, recklessness, exaggeration, bashfulness looking forward to the future and the ability to make friends have been rhetorically implied, repeated and cited as a matter of course since the time of Aristoteies. The pointed thesis that the concept of youth only arose in the 18th century accentuates that youth as an autonomous way of life is a characteristic of the Modern Age.
Hartmann and his Prague friends, whether German-Gentile or German-Jewish, rallied enthusiastically to the cause of what at first was a reawakening of suppressed Bohemic cultural nationalism and a move towards across-fertilisation of the two main lingual cultures (Czech/German) andthe three main ethnicities (Czech/German/Jewish) of the country. They soon saw themselves as a "Jungböhmische Bewegung" to correspond to Young Germany. The Prague writer Rudolf Glaser founded a literary journal called 'Ost und West' for the express purpose of bringing together German and Slavic literary impulses under the Goethean motto: "Orient und Occident sind nicht mehr zu trennen". With Bohemia as the bridge, 'Ost und West' published German translations from all the Slavic languages including Pushkin and Gogol, contributions by German writers sympathetic to the cause of emerging nations like Heinrich Laube, Ferdinand Freiligrath, Ernst Willkomm, but above all the Prague circle of Young Bohemians like Alfred Meissner, Isidor Heller, Uffo Horn, Gustav Karpeles and Ignatz Kuranda. Also Hartmann made his literary debut in the journal with a love poem entitled "Der Drahtbinder", and featuring a subtitle which was in keeping with the spirit of the times: "nach einem slavischen Lied".
Most Germans went first to Great Britain to witness and describe what in comparison to the conditions in the German petty principalities was very progressive in its industrial advancement, free trade, extraordinary wealth-creation, very advanced civil rights and parliamentary democracy and to hold it up as a model to the Germans. Some then added on a trip to Ireland, which after all was a part of the political entity "The United Kingdom", to see, as they thought, more of the same. Instead they came face to face with the most abject poverty any of them had ever experienced, including the professional ethnographer Johann Georg Kohl, who had been all over Europe and as far as Siberia. For the Vormärz authors this raised questions as to why "John Bull's other island", as George Bernhard Shaw would much later call Ireland, was so utterly neglected
The flâneur has been depicted in several different ways in 19th as well as 20th and 21st century literature and criticism. The focus of this brief paper will be on the roles given him in English writings from or around the time of the 1848 revolutions in France and Germany, in which the flâneur comes to represent not only a street idler, but also a critical traveller to, and observer of, the continental city and its revolutionary activities.