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Das zusammengesetzte chinesische Wort 東西 hat die Doppelbedeutung von 'Ost-West' und 'Ding' bzw. 'Objekt'. In der Gedichtsammlung des Hongkonger Schriftstellers Leung Ping-kwan mit dem Titel 東西 ('Dong-Xi', Ost-West-Angelegenheiten) erscheinen der Osten und der Westen jeweils als eine Erweiterung des anderen, wobei ihre anhaltenden Interaktionen eine vitale Welt offenbaren, die unaufhörlich im Entstehen begriffen ist. Umgekehrt erweisen sich das Globale und das Lokale nicht nur als geografische Signifikanten, sondern auch als zeitliche Indikatoren von Sinneswahrnehmungen, Erinnerungen, Erfahrungen, Gefühlen und Vorstellungen, deren dynamisches Zusammenspiel eine poetische Welt fortwährend erschafft und wieder auflöst. Leungs Lyrik, die die traditionelle poetische Form des 'Dinggedichts' aufgreift, versucht durch die Würdigung alltäglicher Objekte, deren Formen, Gerüche und Farben im modernen Leben oft ignoriert werden, zu einer Wiederverzauberung der Welt zu gelangen. Leungs Dinggedichte führen uns in eine Welt, in der Objekte von ihrer Funktionalität gelöst und mit einer eigenen Sensibilität versehen werden. Dabei verändert sich auch die Sensibilität der Leser:innen. Leungs Dinggedichte können als Inbegriff von 'Sinngemeinschaften' gelesen werden, deren Zusammenhalt von der Bereitschaft der Mitglieder zur Offenheit für Andersartigkeit sowie zur eigenen Veränderung abhängt.
This study examines the political contestation among Malay Professional Satirists (MPS) through their selected political satire works between 2011-2018. Political satire challenges those in power and is often regarded as fake news and libel. Therefore, political satirists tend to be frequently subject to legal action and are accused of disrupting national harmony. However, there is another group within the social and cultural community, which I call Social and Cultural Professionals (SCP), who also use satire but are supported by the government. This group frequently received financial benefits from the state and are at lower risk of suffering legal consequences. These contrasting conditions raise several important questions: who are the Malaysian Professional Satirists? Who are the targets of MPS in their satirical work? Why do MPS satirise them? And why do the MPS still produce political satire despite the potential legal consequences? Therefore, this study attempts to identify the characters, themes, and issues the MPS highlight; it also considers the reasons and motivations that political satirists have for creating such allegedly controversial works. Malaysia’s Reformasi movement and the booming use of the internet in 1998 mobilised multiple alternative social movements, mainly through art-related activities. Art workers, NGOs, as well as musical and cultural groups, protested creatively against the UMNO-BN ruling regime. Creative protests that employed satire and humour somehow succeeded in attracting a significant proportion of the public to follow political and current issues, especially youths in universities who had been depoliticised with the inception of the University and University College Act (AUKU 1979). This study establishes a point of view that political satire is a fun, loose, free form of resistance, contrasting with formal procedural democracy. The previous literature proposes that the study of Malaysia’s political system should focus on formal political procedures, especially election and representation. However, the study of political satire vis-à-vis democratisation is often neglected and thus such studies are scarce, which might have resulted from how satire is strictly discussed in terms of language and media. There has been a growing interest in how satirist and satirical works are regarded; hence, this study attempts to fill a gap in research on political satire in Malaysia. In contrast, democratisation is often discussed in terms of history, politics, anthropology, sociology, and economics. This qualitative study presents a comprehensive account of interviews with four (4) art workers identified as MPS, as based on appropriate criteria. Each informant had either partaken in alternative social movements or faced legal action from authorities or, indeed, both. In this study, the Theory of Contestation and Two-Social Reality serves as a primary framework to lead to an understanding of the contestation of power in Malaysia through political satire. This study further intends to broaden the knowledge of political satire and humour in the study of democratisation, adding to the existing literature, particularly outside formal political procedures.
Die koreanische Autorin Bae Sua, die sowohl als Übersetzerin aus dem Deutschen wie als Erzählerin immer wieder die Auseinandersetzung mit deutscher Kultur und Literatur sucht, ließe sich mit Uljana Wolf, Yoko Tawada oder Tomer Gardi einer Literatur der Multilingualität zuordnen, die sich der deutschen Sprache in bewusster Befremdung nähert, in ihren Schreibverfahren mit Mehrsprachigkeit experimentiert, die Möglichkeiten einer "polyglot hybridity and pan-cultural allusiveness" auslotet. Zurecht stellt die Germanistin Ahn Mi-Hyun fest, dass sich Bae immer wieder mit der verfremdenden Wirkung beschäftigt, die unbekannte und ungewohnte Fremdsprachen auf die Wahrnehmung des vermeintlich Vertrauten haben, dass sie das Koreanische durch ungewöhnliche Wendungen und grammatische Formen bereichere, die zum Teil wie formale Übernahmen aus dem Deutschen erscheinen, und dass das Aufsuchen des Fremden, das Leben in fremden Räumen, das Lernen fremder Sprachen ein mit großer Konsequenz verfolgtes Thema ihres Schreiben ist, ja, in einem ihrer Texte schlägt Bae sogar vor, sich in der eigenen Sprache wie in einer fremden zu bewegen, als würde man sie nur schlecht verstehen. Immer wieder wird in ihrem Werk auch auf deutsche Literatur Bezug genommen, werden Textpassagen, mitunter auch ganze Gedichte in koreanischer Übersetzung zitiert, treten mit Kafka oder auch mit Jakob Hein deutsche Autoren, bzw. deren Bücher in Nebenrollen auf. Aber anders als die genannten Autor*innen ist die polyglotte Autorin Bae Suah, die sich durchaus einer "planetaren" - also ihrer globalen Vernetztheit bewussten "Poetik" - im Sinne Pizers zuordnen lässt, in ihren Texten nicht mehrsprachig. Ein merkwürdiges Paradox: eine Autorin, die über das Leben zwischen den Sprachen schreibt, sich in mehreren Sprachen bewegt, darüber reflektiert, aber sich dann doch nicht der Strömung "literarischer Mehrsprachigkeit" zuordnen lässt, die in den letzten Jahren vermehrt ins Feld der Aufmerksamkeit der interkulturellen Germanistik gerät. Es sei denn, es gäbe so etwas wie eine einsprachige Mehrsprachigkeit.
The Greenlandic oral story-telling tradition, Oqaluttuaq, meaning “history,” “legend,” and “narrative,” is recognized as an important entry point into Arctic collective memory. The graphic artist Nuka K. Godtfredsen and his literary and scientific collaborators have used the term as the title of graphic narratives published from 2009 to 2018, and focused on four moments or ‘snippets’ from Greenland’s history (from the periods of Saqqaq, late Dorset, Norse settlement, and European colonization). Adopting a fragmentary and episodic approach to historical narrativization, the texts frame the modern European presence in Greenland as one of multiple migrations to and settlements in the Artic, rather than its central axis. We argue that, in consequence, the Oqaluttuaq narratives not only “provincialize” the tradition of hyperborean colonial memories, but also provide a postcolonial mnemonic construction of Greenland as a place of multiple histories, plural peoples, and heterogenous temporalities. As such, the books also narrativize loss and disappearance—of people, cultures, and environments—as a distinctive melancholic strand in Greenlandic history. Informed by approaches in the field of cultural memory and in the study memorial objects, Marks’ haptic visuality and Keenan and Weizman’s forensic aesthetics, we analyze the graphic narratives of Oqaluttuaq in regard to their aesthetic dimensions, as well as investigate the role of material objects and artifacts, which work as narrative “props” for multiple stories of encounter and survival in the Arctic.
The Greenlandic oral story-telling tradition, Oqaluttuaq, meaning “history,” “legend,” and “narrative,” is recognized as an important entry point into Arctic collective memory. The graphic artist Nuka K. Godtfredsen and his literary and scientific collaborators have used the term as the title of graphic narratives published from 2009 to 2018, and focused on four moments or ‘snippets’ from Greenland’s history (from the periods of Saqqaq, late Dorset, Norse settlement, and European colonization). Adopting a fragmentary and episodic approach to historical narrativization, the texts frame the modern European presence in Greenland as one of multiple migrations to and settlements in the Artic, rather than its central axis. We argue that, in consequence, the Oqaluttuaq narratives not only “provincialize” the tradition of hyperborean colonial memories, but also provide a postcolonial mnemonic construction of Greenland as a place of multiple histories, plural peoples, and heterogenous temporalities. As such, the books also narrativize loss and disappearance—of people, cultures, and environments-as a distinctive melancholic strand in Greenlandic history. Informed by approaches in the field of cultural memory and in the study memorial objects, Marks’ haptic visuality and Keenan and Weizman’s forensic aesthetics, we analyze the graphic narratives of Oqaluttuaq in regard to their aesthetic dimensions, as well as investigate the role of material objects and artifacts, which work as narrative “props” for multiple stories of encounter and survival in the Arctic.
Die verfügbaren theoretischen und kulturhistorischen Untersuchungen über das Lesen zeigen kaum Neigung, sich mit dem Problem der Abgrenzung wissenschaftlichen Wissens von anderen Wissensbeständen zu beschäftigen; vielleicht, weil es so selbstverständlich scheint, dass die Fähigkeit zu lesen keine Domäne bildet, die exklusives Eigentum einer Wissenschaft sein könnte. Da jedoch viele geisteswissenschaftliche Disziplinen der Vorstellung verhaftet bleiben, dass sie über besondere Methoden des Lesens verfügen, die ansonsten unerreichbares Wissen hervorbringen, klafft hier eine epistemologische Lücke.
2018 ist Georgien Ehrengast der Frankfurter Buchmesse. Zum ersten Mal nach der Wende wird die georgische Literatur damit prominent in einer fremden Sprache präsentiert. Gerade die Literaturen kleiner Nationen sind auf internationale Anerkennung dieser Art besonders angewiesen. Doch gibt es einen qualitativen Unterschied zwischen Literaturen 'kleiner' und 'großer Nationen'? Diese Frage ist im Spannungsfeld zweier Konzepte zu diskutieren, die mit dem der Nationalliteratur als lange dominierendem Ordnungsprinzip literarischer Texte konkurrieren: kleine Literatur und Weltliteratur.
Goethes Begegnung mit Hafis
(2013)
The starting point of the present article is the symbolism of Oriental literature and the one present in the work of the Persian poet Hafis, indicating its importance for the work Westöstlicher Divan (West-Eastern Divan) by J. W. Goethe. The author of the article explains Goethe’s fascination with poetic images and symbols found in the works of Hafis, showing the importance of his work in understanding the broadest cycle of poems within German literature, West-Eastern Divan.
The aim of the present article is to provide a comparative analysis between two important works of German and Hungarian literature on the background of the theory of Carl Gustav Jung’s theory of archetypes. Both works (the novel Demian by Hermann Hesse and the drama Erstwhile Solace [Ősvigasztalás] by Áron Tamási) approach the theme of the search for identity as well as for the absolute and the divinity, with the focus on the archetypes of the collective unconscious. Motifs such as androgyny, shadow or dream, the issue of polarity and unity form common points of contact between the two analysed literary works.
Hak ve adalet, bunların aksamasından kaynaklı sıkıntılar ve hak arayışı evrenselliğini daima koruyacak gerçeklerdir. Tarih boyunca toplumlar ve onların kurdukları devletler düzeni sağlamak adına kanun ve yasalara başvurmuşlar, ancak kimi zaman bu mekanizma çatlaklara, aksamalara ve yok sayılmalara maruz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türk ve Alman edebiyatından seçilen eserlerde adaletsizliğin sebep olduğu problemler isyan ve eşkıyalık kavramı bağlamında mercek altına alınacaktır. Eşkıyalık, olumlu ve olumsuz etki ve işlevleri olması bakımından farklı şekillerde değerlendirilmiştir. Bunlardan olumlu olan görüş, yani eşkıyalığın mevcut düzensizliğe düzen getirme girişimi olarak değerlendirilmesi, incelenen romanlarda ağır basmaktadır. Birbirinden farklı zamanlarda ve toplumlarda yaşamış yazarların eserlerinde kahramanların maruz kaldıkları adaletsizlik karşısında isyana başvurarak gidişatı değiştirme çabaları, hak arayışının her çağda ve toplumda gerekli olduğunu gösterir. Bu çalışmada Sabahattin Ali'nin "Kuyucaklı Yusuf" adlı eseri ile Heinrich von Kleist'ın "Michael Kohlhaas" adlı eserinde işlenen adaletsizliğin doğurduğu isyan eylemi, benzer ve farklı yönleri karşılaştırılarak metne odaklı yorumsayıcı bir yöntem ile değerlendirilecektir.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı süresince maddi ve nesnel olarak büyük kayıplar ve yıkımlar gerçekleşmiştir. Edebiyat alanında da bu savaşın, insan dünyası üzerinde yıkıcı etkisi konu edilmiştir. Makalenin amacı, dönemin etkilerinin Türk ve Alman edebiyatçıları tarafından benzer imgeler üzerinden nasıl yorumlandığını karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimi düzleminde incelemektir. Bu bağlamda Wolfgang Borchert, Attila İlhan ve Nazım Hikmet'in metinlerinde "duvar" imgesinin kullanımları üzerinden savaşın ve dönemin etkileri konusundaki yaklaşımları incelenmiştir. Wolfgang Borchert'in öyküsünde ve Attila İlhan'ın şiirinde "duvar"ın, "toplumsal vicdan"ı temsil eden bir imge olarak kullanıldığı ve kişileştirme yoluyla karakter olarak işlendiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Nazım Hikmet'in şiirinde ise; "ideolojik" bir temsil üstlendiği görülmüştür.