930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie
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In the culture history of ancient Europe questions pertaining to its diverse relationships to advanced civilisations in the Mediterranean sphere look back upon a long tradition. Varyingly different single finds and groups of finds have repeatedly provided the prospect and scope for investigating the character and extent of contacts and influences as well as the consequences for cultural developments north of the Alps. In discussions on the genesis and significance of the Bronze Age in central and northern Europe, the perceived linkages between the eastern Mediterranean and the Carpathian Basin and via the Danube River as far as areas north of the Alps have played an important role. Without question, the Danube River represented a crucial axis of communication ever since the Neolithic period and in following times. Recent interdisciplinary studies, however, have broadened the scope and shown that further important communication routes existed along the Ionian-Adriatic Sea to Upper Italy and beyond the Alps, and via the Rhône valley and the West Alps to the North. Thereby, impulses of varying economic nature could be discerned, which were consequential for many aspects of the cultural development of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Central Europe.
The archaeological data dealt with in our database solution Antike Fundmünzen in Europa (AFE), which records finds of ancient coins, is entered by humans. Based on the Linked Open Data (LOD) approach, we link our data to Nomisma.org concepts, as well as to other resources like Online Coins of the Roman Empire (OCRE). Since information such as denomination, material, etc. is recorded for each single coin, this information should be identical for coins of the same type. Unfortunately, this is not always the case, mostly due to human errors. Based on rules that we implemented, we were able to make use of this redundant information in order to detect possible errors within AFE, and were even able to correct errors in Nomimsa.org. However, the approach had the weakness that it was necessary to transform the data into an internal data model. In a second step, we therefore developed our rules within the Linked Open Data world. The rules can now be applied to datasets following the Nomisma. org modelling approach, as we demonstrated with data held by Corpus Nummorum Thracorum (CNT). We believe that the use of methods like this to increase the data quality of individual databases, as well as across different data sources and up to the higher levels of OCRE and Nomisma.org, is mandatory in order to increase trust in them.
Die interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Tagung widmete sich in vier Sektionen (1. Entwicklung und Ausdifferenzierung der Wissenschaften, 2. Verlage und Verleger als Wissenschaftsvermittler, 3. Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeiten, 4. Wissenschaft und Spezialbetriebe) der Frage nach der Interdependenz von Wissenschaftsverlagen und dem Grad der Entwicklung und Etablierung der jeweiligen Disziplinen in den Kultur- und Naturwissenschaften im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Der Grundtenor war die zunehmende Spezialisierung der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen, an deren Bedürfnissen nach Lehr- oder Handbüchern, Textausgaben, Zeitschriften oder Forschungsberichten sich die Verleger orientierten. Die unterschiedlichen Disziplinengeschichten bestimmtem die Handlungsmuster der Verleger, ihre Rolle in den jeweiligen Wissenschaftsorganisationen sowie ihre Filterfunktion im wissenschaftlichen Feld. Dabei stellte sich die Frage nach der Verortung des Verlegers im wissenschaftlichen Feld für die einzelnen Fächer immer neu. Der zweite Aspekt war der Adressatenkreis, der entweder selbstreferenziell nur aus dem Kreis der Wissenschaftler bestehen konnte oder aber eine größere Öffentlichkeit intendierte, da der rein wissenschaftliche Markt sehr begrenzt war. Dadurch öffnete sich die Schere zwischen der angestrebten Professionalisierung und der oft notwendigen Popularisierung. Es zeigte sich aber, dass die Bemühungen um Öffnung der wissenschaftlichen Zirkel meist nur das gebildete Bürgertum ereichten, nicht aber "das Volk" oder die sozialen Unterschichten. ...
Das persönliche Engagement des Verlegers betonte auch Frank Bernstein (Mainz) auch in dem er das Verhältnis von Hirzels Schwager, Karl Reimer, zu seinem Autor Theodor Mommsen darstellte, dessen "Römische Geschichte" (1854 bis 1856) Reimer verlegte. ...
This paper describes the ongoing efforts of the authors to present ancient Greek and Roman numismatic data on the public internet, with an emphasis on efforts to integrate information from multiple sources using Linked Data and Semantic Web techniques. By way of very modern metaphor, it is useful to think of coins as intentionally created packages of 'named entities'. Each coin was struck by a particular authority, often at a known site, and coins often make reference to familiar concepts such as deities, historical events, or symbols that were widely recognized in the ancient world. The institutions represented among the authors have deployed search interfaces that allow users to take advantage of this aspect of numismatic databases. The American Numismatic Society's database provides faceted search to its collection of over 550,000 objects. The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) in the UK presents individual finds (and hoards) recorded throughout the country. The Römisch-Germanische Kommission and the University of Frankfurt (DBIS) are developing a prototype metaportal (INTERFACE) that accesses national databases of coin finds held in in Frankfurt, Vienna and Utrecht. Each of these resources is beginning to explore Semantic Web/Linked data approaches so that the role of numismatic standards is immediately coming to the fore. DBIS and INTERFACE are developing a numismatic ontology. At the ANS and PAS, the public database already presents RDF serializations based on Dublin Core. Together, the authors have begun to explore standardization of conceptual names on the basis of the vocabulary presented at the site http://nomisma.org . Nomisma.org is a collaborative effort to provide stable digital representations of numismatic concepts and entities. It provides URIs for such basic concepts as 'coin', 'mint', 'axis'. All of these are defined within the scope of numismatics but are already being linked to other stable resources where available. This is particularly the case for mints. For example, the URI http://nomisma.org/id/corinth is intended to represent that ancient city in its role as a minter/issuer of coins. The URI is linked via the SKOS ontology to the Pleiades Gazetteer of ancient places. This allows Nomisma to be the basis for a common representation of the concept that an object is a coin minted at Corinth. The ANS has already deployed such relationships in its public database. The work of all these projects is very much in progress so that this paper hopes to generate discussion on how multiple large projects can move forward in their own work while encouraging sufficient commonality to support large scale research questions undertaken by diverse audiences.
Die Antike bildet einen zentralen Bezugspunkt für Identitätskonstruktionen in den europäischen Kulturen. Das Wissen davon, was Antike ist, ist jedoch keineswegs statisch: "Die Antike" formiert sich historisch stets im Wechselspiel mit dem Selbstverständnis der rezipierenden Kulturen. Diese bipolare Konstruktion griff die interdisziplinäre Tagung "Das Geschlecht der Antike" auf, die Anna Heinze (Berlin) und Friederike Krippner (Berlin) im Juni an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin veranstalteten. Sie verfolgte einerseits die Frage, welche Rolle die Kategorie "Geschlecht" bei verschiedenen Epochenentwürfen der Antike spielt, und richtete den Blick andererseits darauf, was die Referenz auf die Antike bei der Konstruktion von Geschlechterverhältnissen in nachantiken Gesellschaften leistet.