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5
The Tyva Republic, within the Russian Federation, has acquired its present name in 1991. It was formerly known as the Tuvinian Autonomous Region within the USSR. Its common names in the past centuries were Uryankhaiskii Krai or Soyotskii Krai. In modern Russian, it is known under the name Tuva (not Tyva), which will be used further in the text. This country, for example, embraces the sources of the great Siberian river Yenisei and its capital, the town of Kyzyl, represents the geographical centre of Asia. To date, this vast and clear cut territory was hitherto almost unexplored in odonatological respect. In particular, it was not visited by the outstanding Siberian odonatologist B. F. Belyshev. Scarce materials from the recent Tuvinian territory were mentioned by Valle (1942), who considered it to be Mongolian. In the only paper concerning the dragonflies of Tuva in particular (two localities in its very south) 14 species were reported (Zaika & Kosterin 1990). The "transitional form between Ophiogomphus serpentinus and O. reductus” considered in that work, however, turned out to be the Chinese-Mongolian species Ophiogomphus spinicornis (Kosterin, 1999). Finally, one of us published two works on the general lentic fauna of the Ubsu-Nur Hollow in general (Zaika, 1996) and Lake Tere-Khol' in particular (Zaika, 1999), where 26 and 9 species were listed, respectively. The latter work was based on larval identification. Because this is difficult, this information should be taken with caution. The presence of species such as Ischnura pumilio and Cordulia aenea was not confirmed by records of adults and may be erroneous.
6.2
Records of 33 species of Odonata from Ankarafantsika National Park are presented. Four additional species have been reported in the literature. Nineteen species are recorded from the site for the first time. The site is the largest remaining block of dry forest in Madagascar’s Western Region. While 80% of Madagascar Odonata species are endemic, only 40% of the species recorded in Ankarafantsika is endemic. Moreover, the endemics recorded are mostly common throughout the island. The dry forests are thus of relatively little importance for Madagascar’s diversity of Odonata.
6.3
65 species of Odonata are recorded from Mulanje and its slopes. Only eight species dominate on the high plateau. Among them are two relict species of conservation concern: The endemic Oreocnemis phoenix (monotypic genus) and the restricted-range species Chlorolestes elegans. The absence of mountain marsh specialists on the plateau is noteworthy. Mulanje’s valleys, of which Likabula and Ruo are best known, have a rich dragonfly fauna. The Eastern Arc relict Nepogomphoides stuhlmanni is common here.
7
The odonate fauna of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is species rich but poorly studied. Geographic ranges, ecology, and thus conservation status of many species are unknown. In this study I provide an inventory of two sites within the largest formally protected forest area in PNG, the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area. I sampled odonates for a total of 112 days in a pristine forest site and for 36 days in a traditional garden village, and worked with local communities to increase the awareness of dragonflies in the area. I found a total of 78 species (60 Zygoptera, 18 Anisoptera) from 13 families, including at least six currently undescribed species.
The pristine rainforest hosted more species (61) than the village (37), and a longer sampling period was required to reach an approximately equal level of the total species richness. I calculated species accumulation curves for both areas and found that 100 sampling days were required in the pristine forest, whereas 35 sampling days appeared sufficient in the modified forest. More than two-thirds of all species recorded in the pristine forest were observed in less than half of all the sampling sessions, indicating that species might be both rare and occur only during certain times of the year. The number of species recorded per sampling session indicated some seasonality in the odonate fauna of the pristine forest, which should be considered in future studies. The study suggests that modification of tropical rainforests will lead to a loss of species richness. Conservation of odonates in PNG is therefore dependent on the preservation of primary rainforests, which requires the education of native people living in these areas. Dragonflies were well known among local people inhabiting the study area, but did not play a major role in their culture. More work on dragonflies is needed to describe the diversity of the PNG odonate fauna.
8
The ecological and faunistic research of Odonata in Ukraine has been based on three main pillars. The first are investigations of species composition, habitat preferences, trophic connections, parasites and predators, behaviour patterns, and morphological and physiological peculiarities of dragonflies by expert-odonatologists. The second pillar is the collection and identification of adults for the survey of animals from different regions, especially rare and endangered species for the Red Lists and Red Data Book. Thirdly, there is the study of Odonata larvae as components of freshwater ecosystems, particularly as food of fish.
Some present Ukrainian regions belonged to Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania before 1939-1945. Odonatological investigations were held up during the Second World War and the 12 years of post-war rebuilding.
The first data on Ukrainian Odonata were published in the second part of the 19th century (Belke, 1859, 1866). Since then, several Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Hungarian and Romanian scientists have made great contributions to the investigation of the odonate fauna and ecology. One of the most famous odonatologists, J. Dziêdzielewicz, worked in the western Ukraine from the end of the 19th to the early 20th century. At the same time G. Artobolevs’ky investigated the northern and central parts of Ukraine and the Crimea peninsula. A. Brauner and A. Bartenev carried out research in the southern Ukraine and Crimea.
R. Pavlyuk continued research in the western region of Ukraine. He carried out faunistic, ecological and parasitological investigations. A. Oliger studied faunistic and ecological aspects of dragonflies in the easternmost part of the Ukraine (Donets’k region). Recently, S. Gorb published many papers devoted to the functional morphology of dragonflies. He also provided a study of the species composition and ecological peculiarities of Odonata in northern Ukraine and a catalogue of the Ukrainian species. Today, several odonatologists are actively involved in odonatological research in Ukraine. N. Mathuskina works on the functional morphology of the ovipositor and dragonfly behaviour, L. Khrokalo on faunistics and ecology in the northeastern Ukraine and on aspects of nature conservation, O. Dyatlova on the faunistics in the southwest of the country and some aspects of morphology and behaviour. A. Martynov studies the faunistics in the eastern part of Ukraine.
9
In 2005 we started a study of the ecology and evolutionary history of damselflies of the genus Nesobasis, endemic to Fiji. In addition we made account of the species of Zygoptera present at our study sites, and made notes on the Anisoptera. In general, the odonate fauna of the Fiji archipelago is poorly studied. Here, we provide an historical overview of the knowledge on this fauna and give details of the species we encountered in August - September 2005. We made observations and collected voucher specimens for 2 species of the genus Ischnura, 2 of the genus Agriocnemis, 1 of the genus Austrolestes, 7 of the genus Melanesobasis and 25 of the genus Nesobasis. For Melanesobasis we also made account of an additional subspecies. Further, we discovered 2 species of damselfly new to science, 1 on Viti Levu and 1 on Vanua Levu, both belonging to the genus Nesobasis. Our results indicate that further exploration within the Fiji archipelago will be rewarding and that more species new to science are to be discovered. We hope our work will spur further interest in the Pacific, which will be essential if we are to conserve the unique community of damselflies encountered in this region.
10
The adult morphology of the recently established species Somatochlora borisi Marinov, 2001 is outlined. The species has a unique combination of features, especially when compared to representatives of the two closest European genera, Cordulia Leach, 1815 and Somatochlora Selys, 1871 but also compared to other Holarctic genera and species within the Corduliinae (sensu Garrison et al. 2006). The extent of these morphological differences suggests that the species can not be assigned to any of the extant genera, and therefore the new genus Corduliochlora is being established.
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Untangling some taxonomic riddles on damselfly genera (Zygoptera) from the neotropical region
(2007)
Examination of type material deposited in the IRSNB (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium) and in the BMNH (British Museum of Natural History, London, Great Britain) allowed us to solve taxonomic riddles regarding several damselfly (Zygoptera) genera from the neotropical region. We provide notes on the status of several types, and introduce the following new synonymies: Argia huallaga Fraser, 1946 = A. adamsi Calvert, 1902; Argia makoka Fraser, 1946 = A. kokama Fraser, 1946; Argia mollusca Fraser, 1946 = A. collata Selys, 1865; Argia trifoliata Fraser, 1946 = A. variegata Förster, 1914; Argia umbriaca Fraser, 1946 = A. indicatrix Calvert, 1902; Amphiagrion amphion Selys, 1876 = Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1840); a new combination: Oxyagrion cardinalis Fraser, 1946 to Leptobasis cardinalis (Fraser, 1946); and three lectotype designations (for Acanthagrion gracile race? lancea Selys, 1876, Acanthagrion trimaculatum Selys, 1876, and Leptagrion flammeum Selys, 1876).