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Botanical history has recorded significant contributions of bryology to its conceptual development and to man’s scientific knowledge. The discovery of sexual chromosomes in plants by Allen and the production of the first polyploids by Wettstein are but two scientific achievments in which bryophytes had an outstanding role. Currently, their use in environmental monitoring and the identification of active principles, make bryophytes objects of great pragmatic interest.
214 Lichen and 38 bryophyte species are reported from Cerro Guaiquinima, a sandstone table mountain in southeastern Venezuela, thus fas almost unexplored for these groups and apparently undisturbed by man. Slightly over half of these species have also been reported from the north slope of Mount Roraima and surroundings, a nearby area with similar edaphic and climatological conditions.
The pleurocarpous moss genus Isopterygium (Hypnaceae) is revised for Latin America. Although as many as 92 species and varieties have been reported for the region over past years, these are currently accommodated by the present revision into only eight species. The most common taxon throughout most of Latin America, Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt, is also the most polymorphic and presently 45 taxa are recognized as synonyms. The other seven species are I. affusum Mitt., I. acutifolium Irel., I. byssobolax Par., I. jamaicense Buck Broth., I. subglobosum Herz., and I. tenerifolium Mitt.+
References are made to cytotoxic and/or antitumor compounds that have been isolated - ansamitocin P-3 from Claopodium crispifolium (Hook.) Ren. & Card. and Anomodon attenuatus Hueb., or an associated actinomycete, and ohioensins and pallidisetums from Polytrichum spp. Several hundred collections, which have been obtained from temperate regions of North America during 1990 and 1991, are currently being screened in new bioassays; active sesquiterpene lactones have been recently isolated from species of Porella. The methodologies of collecting and screening bryophyte samples are discussed with consideration to costs based on expected number of samples that might be collected in a day, the diversity in the collections as related to phytogeography and vegetation types, and the bryophyte cover that is vanishing in many forest regions of the United States. The difficulties in obtaining large collections for isolation of active agents are also discussed by examplerecollection of Claopodium crispifolium.
Phenological observations and sex ratios in Marchantia chenopoda L. (Hepaticae: Marchantiaceae)
(1992)
Sex ratios were determined for 15 populations of Marchantia chenopoda L. along Puerto Rico. Sex was determined for twenty randomly selected individuals from each population. A female bias was observed in most populations. A census of reproductive structures of M. chenopoda was performed every two weeks in order to determine phenology. The highest archegoniophore count was observed to occur in January and February; minimum and maximum fertilization distances were 0.7 cm and 65 cm, respectively. Young sporophytes were most frequently observed at the beginning of the rainy season, in April and May. The highest frequency of mature sporophytes occurred during the dry season, in January and February. Capsules opened mostly during the heavy rainy season, from August to November. Protonemata were observed in the periphery of the population. Most young sporophytes aborted at the end of the moderate to heavy rainy season, from June to August. Immature gemmae cups were most frequent at the beginning of the rainy season, in April and May. Mature gemmae cups were observed throughout the rainy season, but were most frequent in September.
Tropical deforestation, inevitably, leads to the local loss of bryophyte species. Recent studies show that the degree of species loss may vary considerably and depends on the scale or amount of habitat change that has occurred. Predictably, the shade epiphytes are most seriously affected by disturbance. An estimated 10% of the bryophyte species of neotropical rain forests are under threat. Based on data from recent monographs, a first list of 19 endangered and 27 rare species of these forests is presented. Critical areas for threatened species include Costa Rica and Panama, the Greater Antilles, the Chocó, southeastern Brazil, and parts of Amazonia. Protection of as much as possible of the remaining natural rain forest area seems the best approach to the conservation of the tropical bryophyte flora.
The Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) was used to make a preliminary evaluation of epiphytic moss response to atmospheric pollution in the urban area of Mexico City. Areal analysis indicates that there is a significant negative correlation (p < 0.5) between IAP values and SO2, NO2, NOx, Pb and temperature values of -0.45, -0.90, -0.80, -0.80, -0.90. Significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between IAP values and O3, rainfall and relative atmospheric humidity with values of 0.70, 0.80, 0.90. Increase in atmospheric pollutants in Mexico City have promoted a gradual decrease in frequency and cover of epiphytic mosses even though some ecological factors may show the oposite effect.
Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to elucidate the morphology of Metzgeria conjutata Lindb. and confirm the presence of 2 rows of epidermal cells on the dorsal surface, (21-3) rows on the ventral surface, midrib with cells in (3-51-6) tiers; hirsute, short hairs, straight on the thallus-margin and on the ventral surface of midrib; marginal hairs paired, single or in groups of three; male branches globose or subglobose; female involucres obovate and hirsute at the margin, calyptra fleshy, pyriform to club-shaped, hirsute on the outer surface, hairs long and straight.
The vascular flora of Chiapas, Mexico, has been the subject of a long term study by Dennis Breedlove of the California Academy of Sciences. This has stimulated a related project dealing with the bryophyte flora of the region. A collecting expedition in 1988 generated 1420 collections of bryophytes. Specialists from 13 institutions assisted with identifications. Approximately 70% of the collections have been determined. Checklists of species of bryophytes of Chiapas are presented. These lists are based on collections at CAS and literature citations. A total of 364 species of mosses and 310 species of hepatics and hornworts are reported from Chiapas.
There is very little information on the biogeochemical ecology of Sphagnum species in tropical regions. The majority of the ecological information on Sphagnum species in the tropics consists of general habitat information and pH values that are reported in new species descriptions and regional floras such as those of Crum (1980, 1989), Crum and Buck (1988), Karlin (1991), and McQueen (1989).
Cheilolejeunea subgenus Xenolejeunea Kachroo & Schust. is emended to account for variability observed in stem anatomy and lobule structure. Cheilolejeunea subgenus Tegulilejeunea Schust. is reduced to synonymy with subgenus Xenolejeunea. A new sectional classification of subgenus Xenolejeunea is proposed (sections Gigantae, Meyenianae, and Xenolejeunea). A key distinguishes among the sections and the 10 species accepted in the subgenus, which is known from Australasia, Oceania and tropical Asia. A nomenclator and discussion is provided for each species. Comments on excluded species conclude the treatment .
Lichen exploration of the Upper Mazaruni District, Guyana yielded 273 species, of which 179 were found for the first time in the Guianas and 13 were as yet undescribed. A list of all taxa encountered is presented, with indications of habitat and distribution in the investigated area as well as first descriptions for the following 7 species: Buellia aptrootii, Byssoloma farkasii, Myriotrema guianense, M. neofrondosum, M. subdactyliferum, Ocellularia astrolucens, and Thelotrema albomaculatum. Mazosia bambusae is recorded for the first time from the Neotropics. The richest areas for lichens appear to be the rocky tablelands with scrub vegetation on top of the lower mountains. The slopes of Mount Roraima are of special interest because they support some montane species which are unlikely to be found elsewhere in the Guianas; otherwise they are less rich in lichens, probably because of the high humidity, which favours bryophyte growth.
A bryophyte inventory along an altitudinal gradient on Cerro Pirre (1200 m), Darién National Park, Panama, demonstrates that the different rain forest types along the gradient (inundatedlowland, hillside-lowland, submontane, montane elfin forest) have very different species assemblages. The montane forest has the largest number of exclusive species and the largest bryophyte biomass. Species richness is greatest in the submontane forest. The bryophyte flora of Cerro Pirre is not exceedingly rich in species owing to the rather low elevation of the mountain and the seasonal climate in the adjacent coastal plain. Nevertheless, the distinct altitudinal diversification and the occurrence of a considerable number of rare hepatic taxa, demonstrate the importance of Darién National Park as an area of plant conservation. Forty hepatic species are reported as new to Panama.
Four types of asexual reproduction in Plagiochila and the Plagiochilaceae are known: propagules, caducous leaves, gemmae and cladia. Plagiochila pluma Steph. has caducous leaves and teeth with regenerants. The terms for asexual reproduction modes in liverworts are briefly discussed and new definitions proposed.
The genera Meteoridium and Zelometeorium are described and illustrated from 73 collections made by the author in Bolivia. Barbella tenuissima (Hook. & Wils.) Fleisch. is transferred to the genus Meteoridium as Meteoridium tenuissimum (Hook. & Wils.) M. Lewis comb. nov. Due to its hypnobryoid peristome and other characters, the genus Meteoridium is placed in the Brachytheciaceae. Meteoridium remotifolium (C. Müll.) Manuel shows marked variation over its altitudinal range and four ecoforms are recognized. Distribution records show that the species of these two genera have distinct ranges, with only Meteoridium remotifolium overlapping the ranges of the other species. Habitat data shows that none of the species treated are obligate epiphytes, and that they grow equally well in terrestrial habitats.
Breutelia microdonta (Mitt.) Broth., described originally from Brazil, is the oldest name for a disjunct widespread tropical species that includes as synonyms B. angustifolia Rehm. ex Sim of Southern Africa and B. merrillii Broth. of the Philippines. Breutelia kilaueae (C. Muell.) Broth. of Hawaii is considered a synonym of the austral Pacific species B. affinis (Hook.) Mitt., and B. brachyphylla Broth. of Ecuador is reduced to synonymy under the North Andean B. squarrosa Jaeg. Breutelia anacolioides Herz. of Bolivia is removed to Philonotis as a synonym of the North Andean P. incana (Tayl.) H. Robins. Differences in spore ornamentation offer an additional character distinguishing Breutelia from Philonotis.
“El Refugio” Biological Station will be open as of Juni 1989 for persons or organizations of all nationalities. The station offers logistic support for activities with educational, conservational or research purposes. The station is located in a mountainous region at elevations of 1600 to 1900 m, on the western versant of the western cordillera of Colombia. It lies 23 km away from Cali (see below), on the road to Buenaventura, the most important road crossing the Chocó biogeographical region (Buenaventura is the most important seaport on the Colombian Pacific coast). The biological station includes 14 ha of relatively undisturbed, species-rich forest, and 9 ha of open lands. The latter include orchard, pasture and garden areas. “El Refugio” is owned by a colomian family concerned with the conservation of natural resources and especially with endangered plant species. Since its acquisition 10 years ago, the open areas have been considerably enriched with numerous living collections of andean plants.
The neotropical genus Potamium as described by Mitten (1869) included species that had little more in common than a growth form adapted to a semi-aquatic habitat. Brotherus divided the genus in section Eu-Potamium and section Potamiopsis, based on peristome characters. This study shows that all species of section Eu-Potamium belong to Sematophyllum, including P. lonchophyllum which was designated as lectotype of Potamium by Buck (1990). In section Potamiopsis two species are recognized: P. vulpinum (Mont.) Mitt. (syn. nov.: Sematophyllum maguireorum Buck) and P. deceptivum Mitt. (syn. nov.: P. leucodontaceum (C.Müll.) Broth., Meiothecium negrense Mitt. and Maguireella vulpina (Mont.) Buck). The genus Potamium is characterized by capsules with an endostome consisting of a low basal membrane and filiform segments, which are often reduced in P. deceptivum. P. vulpinum is designated as lectotype of Potamium and the lectotypification of Buck is rejected. Descriptions, illustrations and a key are provided to the species of Potamium and allied semiaquatic taxa of Sematophyllum.
Remarks on deixis
(1992)
The prevailing conception of deixis is oriented to the idea of 'concrete' physical and perceptual characteristics of the situation of speech. Signs standardly adduced as typical deictics are I, you, here, now, this, that. I and you are defined as meaning "the person producing the utterance in question" and "the person spoken to", here and now as meaning "where the speaker is at utterance time" and "at the moment the utterance is made" (also, "at the place/time of the speech exchange"); similarly, the meanings of this and that are as a rule defined via proximity to speaker's physical location. The elements used in such definitions form the conceptual framework of most of the general characterisations of deixis in the literature. [...] There is much in the literature, of course, that goes far beyond this framework . A great variety of elements, mostly with very abstract meanings, have been found to share deictic characteristics although they do not fit into the personnel-place-time-of-utterance schema. The adequacy of that schema is also called into question by many observations to the effect that the use of such standard deictics as here, now, this, that cannot really be accounted for on its basis, and by the far-reaching possibilities of orienting deictics to reference points in situations other than the situation of speech, to 'deictic centers' other than the speaker. [...] Analyses along the lines of the standard conception regularly acknowledge the existence of deviations from the assumed basic meanings. One traditional solution attributes them to speaker's "subjectivity", or to differences between "physical" and "psychological" space or time; in a similar vein, metaphorical extensions may be said to be at play, or a distinction between prototypical and non-prototypical meanings invoked. Quite apart from the question of the relative merits of these explanatory principles, which I do not wish to discuss here, the problem with all such accounts is that the definitions of the assumed basic meanings themselves are founded on axiom rather than analysis of situated use. The logical alternative, of course, is to set out for more abstract and comprehensive meaning definitions from the start. In fact, a number of recent, discourse-oriented, treatments of the demonstratives proceed this way; they view those elements as processing instructions rather than signs with inherently spatial denotation (Isard 1975, Hawkins 1978, Kirsner 1979, Linde 1979 , Ehlich 1982.)
This paper is concerned with developing Joan Bybee's proposals regarding the nature of grammatical meaning and synthesizing them with Paul Hopper's concept of grammar as emergent. The basic question is this: How much of grammar may be modeled in terms of grammaticalization? In contradistinction to Heine, Claudi & Hünnemeyer (1991), who propose a fairly broad and unconstrained framework for grammaticalization, we try to present a fairly specific and constrained theory of grammaticalization in order to get a more precise idea of the potential and the problems of this approach. Thus, while Heine et al. (1991:25) expand – without discussion – the traditional notion of grammaticalization to the clause level, and even include non-segmental structure (such as word order), we will here adhere to a strictly 'element-bound' view of grammaticalization: where no grammaticalized element exists, there is no grammaticalization. Despite this fairly restricted concept of grammaticalization, we will attempt to corroborate the claim that essential aspects of grammar may be understood and modeled in terms of grammaticalization. The approach is essentially theoretical (practical applications will, hopefully, follow soon) and many issues are just mentioned and not discussed in detail. The paper presupposes a familiarity with the basic facts of grammaticalization and it does not present any new facts.
Current results of an arachnological survey of some sandstone rock sites in Bohemia (so called 'rock cities'). The spider fauna of the Adrspach·Tepllce rocks was investigated. Some records on spider fauna of other nine sandstone rock areas are included. The phenomenon of 'rock cities' manifests itself in three aspects: (1) In the bottom parts are microclimatically cold spaces, frequently hosting northern or mountain species of invertebrates, which here have an azonal occurrence. (2) The sun exposed tops of rocks can host thermophilous species. (3) Some species are limited to the surface of rocks and boulders. These are referred to as lithophilous or lithobiont species.
On tradition
(1992)
Synonymies, new combinations, new status, revalidations, and generic transfers are presented for Western Hemisphere Cerambycidae. In the subfamily Prioninae, taxa are in the tribes Macrodontiini and Mallaspidini; in the subfamily Cerambycinae in the tribesCerambycini, Elaphidiini, Molorchini, Rhinotragini, Compsocerini, Callidiini, Clytini, Cleomenini, Heteropsini and Trachyderini; and in the subfamily Lamiinae in the tribes Pannenini, Lamiini, Onciderini, Pteropliini, Pogonocherini, Desmiphorini, Acanthoderini, Acanthocinini, Aerenicini and Calluni.
The fauna of Curculionoidea (exclusive of the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae of the Curculionidae) is surveyed for Dade and Monroe Counties in southern Florida. Numbers of genera and species represented are as follows: Anthribidae (12 genera, 22 species), Belidae (1 genus, 2 species), Attelabidae (3 genera, 3 species), Brentidae (6 genera, 14 species) and Curculionidae (115 genera, 249 species). No Nemonychidae are recorded from southern Florida. Included in the totals are 26 species considered as introduced to the region and 5 species likely not established in the region. Twenty apparently undescribed species are recorded. Fifteen are assignable to genera as follows; Ormiscus (2) (Anthribidae), and Podapion (1) (Brentidae), and Prosaldius (1), Acalles (6), Calles (1), Zascelis (1), Notolomus (1), Lixus (1), and Conotmchelus (1) (Curculionidae). The generic placement of 5 undescribed species of Curculionidae is uncertain and descriptions of new genera may be required. New generic records for the United States of America are Homocloeus Jordan (Anthribidae), and Stenotrupis Wollaston (Curculionidae; Cossoninae) and Heilus Kuschel (Curculionidae; Curculioninae). New species records for the United States are Homocloeus distentm Frieser and Homochw sexverrucatm (Suffrian) (Anthribidae) and Stenotrupis acicula Wollaston, Caulophilus rufotestuceus (Champion), Minominus minimus (Boheman) (Curculionidae; Cossoninae), and Anthonomus rubricosus Boheman and Heilus bioculatus (Boheman) (Curculionidae; Curculioninae). Particularly well-represented in terms of species diversity is the anthribid genus Ormiscus (6), the brentid genus Apion (9) and the curculionid genera Listronotus (21), Anthonomus (14), Acalles (13), Conotrachelus (11), Tyloderma (10) and Sphenophorus (10).
The names of previously described South American species of Oxybelus are listed, annotated, and synonymy given. Nomenclature changes are: brethesi is a new name for interruptus Brethes 1913; decipiens Brethes 1913 and pamparum Brethes 1913 are synonyms of catamarcensis Schmttky 1909; fritzi is a new name for modestus Brethes 1913; agnitus Brethes 1913 is a synonym of marginatus F. Smith 1866; joergenseni Brethes 1913 is a synonym of paraguayensis Brethes 1909; and tarijensis Brethes 1913 is a synonym of platensis Brethes 1901. Neotypes are established for platensis and catamarcensis, and lectotypes for americanus, argentinus, modestus, marginatus, and tarijensis.
The New World species formerly placed in Borborillus Duda (Sphaeroceridae: Copromyzinae) are transfemdto Norrbomia Papp. These are: N. lacteipennis (Malloch), n. comb., N. fumipennis (Stenhammar), n. comb., N. frigipennis (Spuler), n. comb., N. scripta (Malloch), n. comb., and N. sordida (Zetteretedt). Norrbomia fulvipennis, N. singusta, N. mexicana, N. triglabra, and N. yukonensis are described as new. Borborus articus Malloch is synonymized with N. fumipennis, and Borborus singularis Spuler is synonymized with N. scripta. All ten New World species of Norrbomia are keyed, illustrated and described. Their relationships are discussed and a cladogram is provided. Species in two of the defined clades are kleptoparasitic on dung rolling scarab beetles.
Males of Neohermes concolor (Davis) from the interior highlands of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, and from Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky exhibited considerable variation in male terminalia. Differences occurred in the size of the dorsal membrane of the ninth sternite and in the shape of the tenth tergite (anal plate) which varied from rounded to truncate-shaped. This observed variation does not appear to be geographically correlated. Females of N. concolor did not exhibit broad variation in terminalii. Little variation was observed among males of N. angusticollis (Hagen) and N. matheri Flint. The broad range of variation observed in the tenninalia of N. concolor could result in misidentification by collectors who rely only on the shape of the anal plate rather than the more constant shape of the aedeagus.
The following new species are described: Lydipta humeralis, sp. n. and Cacostola obliquata, sp. n., from Ecuador; Lochmaeocles leuripennis, sp. n., and Carenesycha velezi, sp. it., from Colombia; Oltcideres marauara, sp. it., from Brazil (Amazonas). Oncideres minuta Thomson, 1865, is recorded from Ecuador.
A specimen of Rhizophagus sayi Schaeffer collected in a flight trap at 29°34½'N82°29'W in Alachua County, Florida, on 23-1-1993, by R.W. Lundgren prompted a search of unidentified specimens in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods. The search resulted in the discovery of seven additional Florida specimens with the following data: "FLA., Dixie Co. 3.5mi. N. Old Town 13-1-1980 Coll. M.C. Thomas", 2; "FLORIDA: Alachua Co. Gainesville 3-XII-1983 Coll. M.C. Thomas", 1; "FLORIDA: Alachua Co. San Felasco Hammock 4-11-1983 M.C. Thomasn, 3; same, except date is 12-II-1983. These specimens comprise a new state record for R. sayi, which Bousquet (1990) recorded from most of the eastern United States except for Florida and Georgia.
Book Review: Species in the genus Spermophagus are found in all of the Old World regions except Australia. Prior to this fine monograph, the taxonomy was a hodgepodge of local faunal treatments and single species descriptions with few usable keys or illustrations. Now we have available keys to 90 species with full descriptions, geographical distributions, and excellent illustrations of dorsal habitus, male genitalia, and many of the female genital valves.
The annulatipes group of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, subgenus Lepidohelea Kieffer, is represented in the Western Hemisphere by 12 species. Keys are presented for their identification, and to distinguish them from other groups of the subgenus Lepidohelea. The three previously known species, annulatipes Macfie, brasiliensis Macfie, and kuanoskeles Macfie, from southern Brazil, as well as the following nine new species, are described and illustrated: bahiensis, basifemoralis, bifida, convexipenis, euthystyla, gravesi, herediae, hobbsi, and weemsi.
The following new species are described: Nyctonympha andersoni, sp. n., and N. howdenarum, sp. n., both from Colombia; N. genieri, sp. n., from Ecuador; N. taeniata, sp. n., from Trinidad; Falsamblesthis microps, sp. n., from Venezuela; Bactriola circundata, sp. n., from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); B. maculata, sp. n., from Venezuela and Ecuador; and B. falsa, sp. n., from Brazil (Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul). A redescription of Bactriola vittulata Bates, 1886, herein designated as the type species of the genus, is provided. Accurate data on the occurrence of Saepiseuthes chilensis Thomson, 1868, in Chile are given. Keys to the species of Bactriola Bates, 1886 and Nyctonympha Thomson, 1868 are added.
Twenty nine species of Delphacidae are recorded from the Yukon Territory, Canada, two additional ones from an adjacent region of Northwest Territories, and one species from coastal Alaska. Two new genera are described: Aschedelphax Wilson and Yukonodelphax Wilson. Six new species are described: Aschedelphax hochae Wilson, Delphacodes anufrievi Wilson, D. emeljanovi Wilson, Javesella lla Wilson, Nothodelphax glacia Wilson, and Yukonodelphax kendallae Wilson. Aschedelphax coloradensis (Beamer), Javesella kilmani (Van Duzee), Yukonodelphax pediforma (Beamer) and Y. stramineosa (Beamer) are new combinations. Kusnezoviella matisi Anufriev and Emeljanov is a junior synonym of K. macleani Wilson and Delphacodes hyalina Beamer is a junior synonym of Nothodelphax albocarinata (Stil). Of the 32 species included in the study, 18 have a Holarctic distribution - 10 of these are amphi-Beringian. The remaining 14 species are restricted to the Nearctic, 5 of these are recorded only from the Yukon and Northwest Territories.
Only five species of Bruchidae have been recorded from the Dominican Republic D.R) per se although records exist for “Hispaniola” and Haiti. Collections made during a recent trip (1992) by R. Turnbow and M.C. Thomas have added data for five additional species, one of which is a new West Indian record whereas the other three are range extensions of species previously known from the West Indies. Geographical ranges for each species are briefly indicated.
The following subgenera of Apion Herbst are elevated to generic status: Bothryopteron Wagner (type species: Apion grallarium Sharp); Coelocephiilapion Wagner (type species: Apion bryanti Wagner); Coelopterapion Wagner (type species: Apion testaceum Wagner); Fallapion Kissinger (type species: Apien impunctistriatum Smith); and Stenapion Wagner (type Species: Apion constricticolle Sharp). Twelve areas of apionid rostral sulci and carinae are defined and illustrated. Six new species of Coelooephalapien are described: four similar to C. bryanti, (Wagner): Jumentum (panama and Honduras), kektaon (Belize), pelor (Panama), and schema (panama); and two similar to C. spretissimum (Sharp): adhocum (Mexico) and pigrae (Venezuela). C. pilirostre (Wagner), near bryanti, is redescribed from Mexico and Honduras with neotype designation.
Affinities, diagnoses, and descriptions are provided for two new species of Plusiotis: P. spectabilis from an unknown locality in Central America and P. dianae from Veracruz state in Mexico. Plusiotis spectabilis is described from a single female and is the largest species in the genus (41 mm in length).
An undescribed genus and species of flightless longhorned beetle, Apteralcidion lupierrei new genus, new species, in the subfamily Lamiinae, has been collected from giant thistle, Cirsium subcoriaccum, at high elevations in Costa Rica and Panama. This new taxon appears most-closely related to genera in the tribe Acanthocini.
One hundred forty-five species of caddisflies representing 15 families and 46 genera are reported from Oklahoma. Thirty-nine species are new state records. Families having the greatest species richness were Hydroptilidae (44 species), Leptoceridae (31 species), Hydropsychidae (26 species), and Polycentropodidae (13 species).
Book Review: A comprehensive treatment of the ecology of aquatic insects in one place is needed for both students and researchers. Professor Ward is doing this in two volumes. The first volume covers the biology and habitats, as indicated in the subtitle, of the 13 insect orders that are either entirely aquatic at some stage, or those with some members aquatic at some stage. The second volume will be devoted entirely to the feeding ecology of these aquatic species.
Specific Alaskan and Canadian localities are recorded for the chilopod Scolopocryptops sexspinosus (Say) (Cryptopidae), the only indigenous Nearctic scolopendromorph species occurring north of the lower 48 states. It occurs west of the crest of the Coast Range in British Columbia, extending northward to the southernmost islands of Alaska, and is recorded for the first time from eastern Canada, from Niagara Gorge, Ontario. Reports of S. rubiginosus Koch from southern Alaska are based on a misidentification of S. sexspinosus, and records from the north-central United States are too distant from the international border for it to be plausible for Manitoba and western Ontario. This centipede does not occur along the Pacific Coast and is improbable for any other part of Canada.
Vincent Golia, Delray Beach, Florida, collected a single female specimen of the tamarind seed beetle, Caryedon serratus, in an orange grove near Homestead. This is the first record of this bruchid for continental United States although the species is recorded from the Hawaiian Islands, and is often intercepted during port inspections.
New records of the xystodesmid diplopod Stenodesmus tuobitus (Chamberlin) extend its range and those of the family and suborder Chelodesmidea into southwestern New Mexico, west of the Rio Grande. They confirm that it inhabits arid juniper environments at relatively low elevations as well as moist deciduous fir forests at high elevations, thereby lending credence to past records from the former habitat in Lincoln County. Discovery of the milliped in neighboring mountain ranges to the north and west is now likely, with the distant possibility that it may occur in eastern Arizona.
Ommatius fimbriatus and O. subtus are based upon four specimens embedded in Dominican amber from the El Mamey Formation in the Dominican Republic. The amber is from the Lower Oligocene - Upper Eocene, originating between 25 and 40 million years ago. The specimens are the first reported fossils of Ommatius. Both species are described and compared with modern species. Significant characters are illustrated and/or photographed.
A brief account of the present state of weevil taxonomy is followed by a detailed study of certain structures used in their classification, namely the venter, abdominal tergites, sternite 8 of the male, apex of the hind tibia and deciduous mandibular processes. A key to some 50 families and subfamilies of Curculionoidea is followed by a list of family-group taxa. The following changes are made: Brachyceridae, Erirhinidae. Cryptolnryngidae und Raymondionymidae are promoted to family rank from Curculiollidne; Antliarhininae is demoted to a subfamily of Brentidae, and Allocoryninae to a subfamily of Oxycorynidne; Coptonotini is demoted to a tribe of Curculionidue Scolytinae; Carinae, sufam. n. is erected for Car Blackburn (genus incertae sedis) in Belidae; Dinomor'phini is demoted to a tribe of Molytinae and Brachyccropsidinae is revived from synonymy with Dinomorphinae (Curclliionidae); Urachyderini, Eremnini, Otiorhynchini and Sitonini are demoted to tribes of Entiminue; Desmidophorinae is transferred from Brentidae to Brachyccridae, Ocladiini is promoted to a tribe of Desmidophorinae (from Curculionidae-Cryptorhynchinae); Campyloseelini (including Phaenomerina) is transferred from Rhynchophoridae to Curculionidae-Zygopinae; Carphodicticinae is promoted to subfamily rank and transferred from Curculionidae-Scolytinae to Platypodidae; Perieges; Schönherr is transferred from Curculionidae-Thecesterninae to Cryptoiaryngidae and Agriochaeta Pascoe from Cryptorhynchinae to Hyperinae (Curculionidae); Schadlarius Wood and Mecopelmus Blackman are transferred from Coptonotidae to Platypodidae.