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Kunibert steht am Anfang der Kölner Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters: Mit ihm beginnt jene lange Reihe von Bischöfen und Erzbischöfen, die auch am Königshof und im Reich von Bedeutung waren. Er band Stadt und Bistum in das regnum Francorum ein, er entwickelte weitausgreifende missionarisch-politische Aktivitäten, von denen heute noch seine Grabkirche am Rhein Zeugnis ablegt. Allein, schon seine ungesicherten Lebensdaten deuten an, daß jene Zeit zu den quellenärmsten Epochen der europäischen Geschichte gehört. Vieles läßt sich wohl nie mehr dem Dunkel entreißen, vieles läßt sich nur noch vermutend erschließen. Der Versuch, »Leben und Werk« nachzuzeichnen und zu würdigen, muß mithin zwangsläufig ein Versuch bleiben.
Thermal decompositions of azo compounds in the gas phase under reduced pressure are further investigated using photoelectron spectroscopic gas analysis. Passing diallyl, diphenyl and phenylmethyl derivatives either through a short-pathway pyrolysis (SPP) apparatus or through an external thermal reactor (ETR) results in the following fragmentations: Under nearly unimolecular conditions (SPP, 10-4 mbar pressure), diallyldiazene decomposes above 600 K to N2 and hexadiene-1,5 with the allyl radical as a detectable intermediate. The PE spectra recorded for diphenyldiazene above 1000 K (ETR, 1-2 mbar pressure) show N2, benzene, as well as traces of diphenyl. Phenylmethyldiazene yields above 800 K (SPP) predominantly N2, toluene, diphenyl and ethane with the methyl radical as the only detectable intermediate. Insertion of quartz wool into the pyrolysis tube (ETR) lowers the fragmentation temperatures, and in addition, above 850 K, HCN and aniline are PE spectroscopically identified. Surprisingly, this second reaction channel can be heterogeneously catalyzed: phenylmethyldiazene decomposes under 10-2 mbar pressure at a [Ni/SiO2] catalyst surface selectively to HCN and aniline.
A comparison of different APTT-reagents, heparin-sensitivity and detection of mild coagulopathies
(1992)
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is widely used to detect coagulation abnormalities or to monitor heparin treatment.
Many commercial aPTT-reagents are available which contain different phospholipid reagents and activators. In the present study 3 aPTT-reagents (aPTT-D, Instrumentation Laboratory, Neothromtin, Behring, PTTa, Boehringer) were compared using a computerized centrifugal analyzer. One aPTT-reagent (Pathromtin, Behring) was tested on a semiautomated coagulometer. Instrument precision was evaluated using aPTT-D as reagent.
Comparative tests were performed on plasma samples of 40 healthy donors, 3 patients with mild von Willebrand's disease (vWd), W patients with heaemophilia or subhaemophilia A, 1 patient with subhaemophilia A and vWd, 8 patients treated with subcutaneous injection of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and 14 patients treated with subcutaneous injection of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).
aPTT-D was the most sensitive reagent to detect mild vWd while Pathromtin detected none of these defects. In patients with heamophilia A and subhaemophilia A aPTT-D, Neothromtin and PTTa detected the abnormality in nearly all tested samples while Pathromtin was less sensitive.
Patients treated with subcutaneously applied UFH or LMWH often had a prolonged aPTTt especially when aPTT-D and Neothromtin were used as reagents.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the main cause of herpes genitalis, a recurrent sexually transmitted disease. By the use of routine Serologie methods (complement fixation test, enzyme immunoassay), virus carriers are difficult to identify because of strong antibody cross reactions with antigens of HSV-1 which is ubiquitously spread throughout the population. We introduce a microtechnique Western blot system loaded with HSV-1 and HSV-2 type-specific and common antigens on separated nitrocellulose strips. By the simultaneous evaluation of Immunologie reactions with both strips, the occurrence of HSV-2 specific antibodies can be sensitively detected in serum specimens containing antibodies to HSV-1. A total of 158 serum specimens were analyzed and the results obtained by Western blot were compared to those of a screening ELISA and virus isolation performed with smears of herpes lesions.
An agreement of 97.9 % was assessed between Western blot and virus isolation to detect an HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Less specific serologic results were produced by the screening ELISA on HSV-2 antibodies which correlated in 85.4 % (41/48) with virus isolation and typing. Concerning HSV-2 antibody testing, Western blot and ELISA showed an overall agreement in 89.8 % of the sera investigated.
As shown by our data, the HSV type specific Western blot proved to be a specific, reproducible and standardized technique. It can be utilized for both sero-epidemiological surveys and determination of the HSV immune status.
Zum Screening auf Bence Jones-Proteinurie wird die Immunfixations-Elektrophorese (IFE) des unkonzentrierten Harnes empfohlen. Aufgrund einer Nachweisempfindlichkeit für freie Leichtketten zwischen 9 und 65 mg/1 werden die klinisch relevanten Bence Jones-Proteinurien erfaßt.
Der VK-Wert der Intraassay-Präzision der IFE zum Bence Jones-Proteinnachweis beträgt 12 %, derjenige der Interassay-Präzision 30%.
Mit der Ausbildung eines Zonenphänomens in der IFE beim Screening auf Bence Jones-Proteinurie muß gerechnet werden, wenn die Bence Jones-Proteinausscheidung vom Kappa-Typ über 1,4 g/l und vom Lambda-Typ über 0,7 g/l beträgt.
Die Konzentrationsbestimmung von Bence Jones-Protein sollte mit der Biuret-Methode erfolgen. Mit der Coomassie Brilliant Blau G 250-Methode wird Bence Jones-Protein nur in sehr unterschiedlichem Ausmaß erfaßt.
Progresso
(1992)
On tradition
(1992)