Refine
Document Type
- Article (2)
- Part of a Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3) (remove)
Keywords
- Evidenz (3) (remove)
Institute
- Medizin (1)
Evidence-based and comprehensible health information is a key element of evidence-based medicine and public health. The goal is informed decision-making based on realistic estimations of health risks and accurate expectations about benefits and harms of interventions. In Germany, standards of evidence-based risk information were poorly followed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequently, public information was biased, fragmentary and misleading. Pandemic-related threat scenarios induced emotional distress and unnecessary anxiety. A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the pandemic measures is crucial, but still pending in Germany. A critical analysis of risk communication by experts, politicians and the media during the pandemic should be a key element of the evaluation process. Evaluation of decision making and media reporting during the pandemic should improve preparedness for future crises.
The late physicist Carl Sagan, whom I quote in the first part of my title, skillfully phrased the common sense view on evidence in the mature sciences. In linguistics, however, evidence has become a controversial issue, especially so when it comes to the investigation of less well studied languages. In this paper, I argue that Sagan's principle should be applied to linguistics. The growing accessibility of a wide array of experimental techniques and computational tools to analyze such data makes it feasible to back up extraordinary claims with evidence from a variety of sources. At the same time, it is in many cases possible to agree on what constitutes an ordinary claim and focus the extra effort on extraordinary claims. For non-controversial claims no more than the minimum effort to establish the claim and properly document the evidence is necessary.
Das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen poetischer Einbildungskraft und positivistischer Wissenschaft, zwischen Imagination und Evidenz, wird wohl an keinem anderen literarischen Genre des 19. Jahrhunderts so augenfällig wie am historischen Roman. Schon in der Gattungsbezeichnung verbinden sich die Lizenzen der Fiktionalität, die der Roman gewährt, mit einem wie auch immer gearteten Anspruch auf historische Faktizität. Die unüberschaubare Menge der historischen Romane, die im 19. Jahrhundert entstand, spiegelt in den vielfältigen Sujets und Figuren nicht nur die Interessen- und Problemlagen ihrer Entstehungszeit wider, sondern liefert im Zeitalter des ästhetischen Historismus ganz unterschiedliche Beispiele von textuellen Verfahren, die das Verhältnis von Imagination und Evidenz sichtbar machen.