Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (197)
- Preprint (1)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (198)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- nein (198) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Postural control (6)
- environmental tobacco smoke (6)
- particulate matter (6)
- prevalence (6)
- confinement (5)
- Density equalizing mapping (4)
- Gender (4)
- Kinematic analysis (4)
- MSD (4)
- Musculoskeletal system (4)
- bibliometrics (4)
- bibliometry (4)
- coronavirus (4)
- dentist (4)
- ergonomics (4)
- inertial motion capture (4)
- public health (4)
- Bibliometrics (3)
- Citation analysis (3)
- Healthy adults (3)
- Knowledge (3)
- Malaria (3)
- Medical research (3)
- Musculoskeletal disorder (3)
- Occupational health (3)
- Upper body posture (3)
- cycling (3)
- dental profession (3)
- gender (3)
- musculoskeletal disorders (3)
- physical activity (3)
- tobacco prevention (3)
- walking (3)
- Access (2)
- Aedes aegypti (2)
- Aedes albopictus (2)
- Attitude (2)
- COPD (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- CUELA (2)
- Cuela (2)
- Dengue (2)
- Density-equalizing mapping (2)
- Dentist (2)
- Germany (2)
- Global health (2)
- Jaw (2)
- Knees (2)
- Legs (2)
- Mountain (2)
- Musculoskeletal diseases (2)
- Myalgia (2)
- Nepal (2)
- Particulate matter (2)
- Posture analysis (2)
- Prevalence (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Public health (2)
- Research architecture (2)
- Scientists (2)
- Socio-economic analysis (2)
- Sport (2)
- Standard value (2)
- Zika virus (2)
- additives (2)
- asthma (2)
- citation (2)
- climate change (2)
- corona (2)
- dental assistant (2)
- dental assistants (2)
- dental education (2)
- dentists (2)
- inertial motion units (2)
- internet (2)
- kinematic analysis (2)
- leisure time activity (2)
- medical students (2)
- musculoskeletal (2)
- nursery schools (2)
- occupational health (2)
- pain (2)
- passive smoke (2)
- questionnaire (2)
- school-based prevention (2)
- scientometry (2)
- second-hand smoke (2)
- smoking (2)
- smoking cessation (2)
- therapy (2)
- tobacco smoke (2)
- (novel) brominated flame retardants ((N)BFR) (1)
- Academics (1)
- Accessibility (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Adenocarcinoma (1)
- Airport-related emissions (1)
- Airways (1)
- Akaike information criterion (AIC) (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Anderson–Fabry (1)
- Area deprivation (1)
- Arms (1)
- Asthma (1)
- Auric nanoparticles (1)
- Australia (1)
- Automatic Environmental Tobacco Smoke Emitter (1)
- Autopsy (1)
- Awareness (1)
- Axiography (1)
- BMI (1)
- Back pain (1)
- Back scan (1)
- Ballet (1)
- Berufliche Gesundheit (1)
- Berufszufriedenheit (1)
- Betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung (1)
- Bevölkerungsschutz (1)
- Bibliometric analysis (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Blocked occlusion (1)
- Body sway (1)
- Bone dust (1)
- Büroarbeit (1)
- CUELA system (1)
- Canada (1)
- Cancer epidemiology (1)
- Career promotion (1)
- Chemical biology (1)
- Chemical company (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chikungunya (1)
- Chikungunya virus (1)
- Child adiposity (1)
- Chronic obstructive airway disease (1)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- Cigarettes (1)
- Citation (1)
- Citationrate (1)
- Civil protection (1)
- Climate inequity (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Cohort study (1)
- Cold hardiness (1)
- Cold tolerance (1)
- Combustion (1)
- Community health services (1)
- Computer hardware (1)
- Computer science (1)
- Computer software (1)
- Computers (1)
- Coniosporium corticale (1)
- Constitution (1)
- Constrained posture (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corona pandemic (1)
- Crisis (1)
- Cross-sectional study (1)
- Cryptostroma corticale (1)
- Culicidae (1)
- Custom-made mouthguard (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Dance (1)
- Dancer (1)
- Dead space (1)
- Dehntraining (1)
- Dengue fever (1)
- Dengue virus (1)
- Density equalizing (1)
- Dental casts (1)
- Dentists (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diptera (1)
- Disabling back pain (1)
- Disease burden (1)
- Distance to water (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Distribution limits (1)
- Droplets (1)
- ETS (1)
- Economic analysis (1)
- Economic benchmarks (1)
- Elevation (1)
- Endometrial carcinoma (1)
- Endometriosis (1)
- Environmental chemistry (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Equity (1)
- Ergonomics (1)
- Europe (1)
- Evidence based medicine (1)
- Face masks (1)
- Factor analysis (1)
- Famines (1)
- Female (1)
- Female subjects (1)
- Filariasis (1)
- Five-Konzept (1)
- Formation dance (1)
- Fukushima (1)
- Funding (1)
- GLA deficiency (1)
- Gender analysis (1)
- General practitioner (1)
- Geographically weighted regression (GWR) (1)
- Gestational diabetes (1)
- Global networking (1)
- Global warming (1)
- Gold (1)
- Greenhouse effect (1)
- H-Index (1)
- HPV (1)
- Health care (1)
- Health economics (1)
- Health policy (1)
- Health services (1)
- Health surveys (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Healthcare worker (1)
- Healthy men (1)
- Hepatitis B (1)
- Hepatitis B infection (1)
- Hepatitis B vaccination (1)
- High altitude (1)
- High radon areas (1)
- High-income countries (1)
- Himalayas (1)
- Hindu Kush Himalayas (1)
- Hip (1)
- Iceland (1)
- Impoverishment (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Incidence (1)
- Index (1)
- Indoor air pollution (1)
- Inequality (1)
- Injuries (1)
- Intensive care (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interspecific competition (1)
- Job satisfaction (1)
- Jumping (1)
- KAP (1)
- Kinematic posture analysis (1)
- Kinematics (1)
- Lasers (1)
- Laterality (1)
- Lebensqualität (1)
- Leishmaniasis (1)
- Livestock (1)
- Local climate (1)
- Long-term-measurements (1)
- Lung (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Malaria prevalence (1)
- Male (1)
- Malnutrition (1)
- Maple bark disease (1)
- Maple bark strippers’ lung (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Medical staff (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Medicine and health sciences (1)
- Meersseman test (1)
- Mental health (1)
- Mental health and psychiatry (1)
- Microalgae (1)
- Mosquito (1)
- Motor skills (1)
- Multinomial logistic regression (1)
- Multivariable analysis (1)
- Musculoskeletal mechanics (1)
- Musculoskeletal problems (1)
- Music chair concepts (1)
- Musician (1)
- Musician-specific seating position (1)
- Muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen (1)
- Neonatal outcome (1)
- Neurology (1)
- Neurotransmitter (1)
- Niche differentiation (1)
- Nicotine (1)
- Nordic questionnaire (1)
- Normal distribution (1)
- OSA (1)
- Obstetric care (1)
- Occupational Accidents (1)
- Occupational disease (1)
- Occupational exposure (1)
- Occupational medicine (1)
- Office work (1)
- Ordinary least squares (OLS) (1)
- Orthodontist (1)
- Orthopaedics (1)
- Oscillating saws (1)
- Ovarian carcinoma (1)
- Overwintering (1)
- PFOA (1)
- PFOS (1)
- PM (1)
- Particle load reduction (1)
- Particle number size distribution (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particulates (1)
- Pedagogue (1)
- Performing Artists (1)
- Persistent organic pollutants (1)
- Phenotypic plasticity (1)
- Physical environment (1)
- Physical therapist (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Posture (1)
- Poverty (1)
- Practice (1)
- Pressure distribution (1)
- Pressure measuring plate (1)
- Preventive medicine (1)
- Primary care (1)
- Prototypes (1)
- Psychology (1)
- Public and occupational health (1)
- Publication (1)
- Publication output (1)
- Pädagoge/in (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- RULA (1)
- Radiation Protection Act (1)
- Radiation Protection Ordinance (1)
- Radon action plan (1)
- Radonmaßnahmenplan (1)
- Radonvorsorgegebiete (1)
- Rainfall (1)
- Randomized controlled trials (1)
- Ready-made mouthguard (1)
- Research investment (1)
- Research patterns (1)
- Research trends (1)
- Resource competition (1)
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1)
- Restricted posture (1)
- Risk factors (1)
- Rural area (1)
- Rush (1)
- Rush-SIT (1)
- SARS (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SF-36 (1)
- SOCS (1)
- Sandfly (1)
- Science structure (1)
- Scientific publishing (1)
- Scientometria (1)
- Scientometric analysis (1)
- Scientometrics (1)
- Scientometry (1)
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (1)
- Sex (1)
- Sharp injuries (1)
- Silicosis (1)
- Skeletal joints (1)
- Smoking habits (1)
- Social epidemiology (1)
- Social health determinants (1)
- Social research (1)
- Social sciences (1)
- Socioeconomic analysis (1)
- Socioeconomic indices (1)
- Socioeconomic status (1)
- Software tool (1)
- Standard reference values (1)
- Strahlenschutzgesetz (1)
- Strahlenschutzverordnung (1)
- Stretch training (1)
- Stringed bow player (1)
- Study protocol (1)
- Sub-zero exposure (1)
- Subjective health status (1)
- Subjektiver Gesundheitszustand (1)
- Sumatra (1)
- Sustainable Development (1)
- Sycamore (1)
- Symmetrical blocked occlusion (1)
- Systematic reviews (1)
- Taekwondoka (1)
- Tanz (1)
- Tar (1)
- Three-dimensional back scan (1)
- Tobacco (1)
- Torque (1)
- Toxicology (1)
- Translational research (1)
- Transportation (1)
- Traumatic injury (1)
- Tubers (1)
- United States (1)
- Upper airway infection (1)
- Urban (1)
- VIP (1)
- VPAC1 (1)
- Video rasterstereography (1)
- Videorasterstereography (1)
- Vitamin D (1)
- Water chemistry (1)
- Water contamination (1)
- Weight distribution (1)
- Winter survival (1)
- Women (1)
- Work health promotion (1)
- Workplace (1)
- Wounds (1)
- Xsens (1)
- Zika (1)
- Zika vaccine (1)
- Zoopotentation (1)
- Zooprophylaxis (1)
- academic (1)
- adaptation plan (1)
- adolescents (1)
- adverse reaction (1)
- air pollution (1)
- airborne bacteria (1)
- allergy (1)
- alpha-galactosidase A deficiency (1)
- analgesics (1)
- anaphylactic reactions (1)
- angiokeratoma diffuse (1)
- animal (1)
- apps (1)
- architecture (1)
- aromatics (1)
- athletes (1)
- atomic power (1)
- atopy (1)
- authorship (1)
- automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (1)
- bibliometric analysis (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- body sway (1)
- body weight distribution (1)
- brain function (1)
- car indoor (1)
- carbon oxides (COx) (1)
- caregivers (1)
- chernobyl (1)
- cigarette (1)
- cigarette smoke (1)
- cigarette strength (1)
- cigarillos (1)
- cleaning (1)
- climate change genomics (1)
- coauthor ship (1)
- cognition (1)
- dance teacher (1)
- decision-making (1)
- declaration of tobacco ingredients (1)
- dengue vector (1)
- density equalizing mapping (1)
- dental health professional (1)
- dental treatment concept (1)
- dentistry (1)
- dentist’s chair design (1)
- depression (1)
- dermatology (1)
- diarrhoeal disease (1)
- disasters (1)
- ectopic pregnancy (1)
- egg sampling (1)
- endocarditis (1)
- epidemics (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- ergonomic risk assessment tools (1)
- exercise on prescription (1)
- face (1)
- female health (1)
- female subjects (1)
- fungi (1)
- gender studies (1)
- genetic predisposition (1)
- glioblastoma (1)
- global health (1)
- guinea pig (1)
- h-index (1)
- hatching (1)
- health (1)
- health behavior (1)
- health care (1)
- health database (1)
- healthcare worker (1)
- hereditary dystopic lipidosis (1)
- high molecular weight plasticizer (1)
- human factors (1)
- human papilloma virus (1)
- humectant agents (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunization (1)
- impact factor (1)
- in-cabin exposure (1)
- incidence (1)
- indoor air (1)
- indoor air pollution (1)
- inertial sensors (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- international transport (1)
- kinematics (1)
- latent factor mixed model (1)
- leisure-time activity (1)
- maternal tobacco smoke (1)
- medical history (1)
- medication (1)
- mental health (1)
- menthol (1)
- mice (1)
- mobile air quality study (1)
- molecular mechanisms (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monsoon (1)
- mood (1)
- mosaic plots (1)
- mountain (1)
- movement pattern (1)
- movement profile (1)
- musculoskeletal pain (1)
- musculoskeletal system (1)
- myocarditis (1)
- network (1)
- nitrogen dioxide (1)
- nitrogen oxides (NOx) (1)
- noise intervention measures (1)
- non-communicable disease (1)
- non-communicable diseases (1)
- novel H1N1 influenza (1)
- nuclear power plant (1)
- nursery school students (1)
- nursery students (1)
- nurses (1)
- obesity (1)
- occupational factors (1)
- occupational stress (1)
- online research (1)
- oral health (1)
- oral health burden (1)
- organophosphate flame retardants (OFR) (1)
- orthodontist (1)
- outpatients (1)
- oviposition (1)
- oviposition substrate (1)
- ovitrap (1)
- pain intensity (1)
- pain medication (1)
- particle size distribution (1)
- particulate matter (PM) (1)
- pericarditis (1)
- photoaging (1)
- physical activity counseling (1)
- postmonsoon (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- prevent smoking (1)
- private brands (1)
- publication (1)
- publication output (1)
- qualitative research (1)
- quality of life (1)
- range expansion (1)
- rat (1)
- reproduction biology (1)
- research (1)
- research database (1)
- research funding (1)
- research incentives (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factor (1)
- running (1)
- scientometrics (1)
- secondary schools (1)
- self-citation (1)
- sex (1)
- size of cigarettes (1)
- skin (1)
- smoking behavior (1)
- smoking in pregnancy (1)
- socio-economic influences (1)
- socioeconomic factors (1)
- sonoSens (1)
- sound analyses (1)
- sports (1)
- standard value (1)
- statistical parametric mapping (1)
- store brands (1)
- stretching (1)
- structure (1)
- sulfur dioxide (1)
- tobacco (1)
- tobacco cessation (1)
- tobacco control (1)
- tobacco products (1)
- tobacco taxation (1)
- traffic emissions (1)
- triathlon (1)
- unanticipated (1)
- vaccination (1)
- vaccine acceptance (1)
- vaccine trial (1)
- vacuuming (1)
- vector-borne disease (1)
- ventilation modes (1)
- volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- wearable sensors (1)
- weighted Cohen’s kappa (1)
- wheezing (1)
- whole genome pooled sequencing (1)
- willingness to participate (1)
- work ability (1)
- work place evaluation (1)
- working conditions (1)
- workplace health promotion (1)
- yellow fever mosquito (1)
Institut
- Medizin (195)
- Sportwissenschaften (11)
- Biochemie und Chemie (9)
- Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften (4)
- Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (3)
- Erziehungswissenschaften (2)
- Geowissenschaften (2)
- Geowissenschaften / Geographie (2)
- Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (BiK-F) (1)
- Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität (1)
Background: Imbalances in female career promotion are a key factor of gender disparities at the workplace. They may lead to stress and stress-related diseases including burnout, depression or cardiovascular diseases. Since this problem cannot be generalized and varies between different fields, new approaches are needed to assess and describe the magnitude of the problem in single fields of work.
Methods: To construct a new index, operating figures of female and male medical students were collected for Germany in a period over 15 years and their progression throughout their studies towards specialization and academic chair positions. By the use of different female to male ratios (f:m), we constructed an index that describes the extend by which women can ascent in their academic career by using the field of academic medicine as an example.
Results: A medical student f:m ratio of 1.54 (52,366 female vs. 34,010 male) was found for Germany in 2013. In 1998, this f:m ratio was 0.999. In the same year (2013), the OB/GYN hospital specialists’ f:m ratio was 1.566 (3347 female vs. 2137 male physicians) and 0.577 (516 female vs 894 male physicians) for ENT hospital specialists, respectively. The f:m ratios concerning chairs of OB/GYN and ENT were 0.105 and 0.1, respectively. Then an index was generated that incorporated these operating figures with the student f:m ratio as denominator and the chair f:m ratio as numerator while the hospital specialist f:m ratio served as a corrector in the numerator in order to adjust to the attraction of a given field to female physicians. As a result, the index was 0.044 for OB/GYN and 0.113 for ENT instead of ideally ~1 in a completely gender harmonized situation.
Conclusion: In summary, a new index to describe female career advancement was established for academic medicine. By the use of this index, different academic and medical fields can now be compared to each other and future benchmarks could be proposed. Also, country differences may be examined using the proposed index and the success of specific funding programs.
Hypersecretion and chronic phlegm are major symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but animal models of COPD with a defined functional hypersecretion have not been established so far. To identify an animal model of combined morphological signs of airway inflammation and functional hypersecretion, rats were continuously exposed to different levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm) for 3 (short-term) or 20–25 (long-term) days. Histology revealed a dose-dependent increase in edema formation and inflammatory cell infiltration in short-term-exposed animals. The submucosal edema was replaced by fibrosis after long-term-exposure. The basal secretory activity was only significantly increased in the 20 ppm group. Also, stimulated secretion was significantly increased only after exposure to 20 ppm. BrdU-assays and AgNOR-analysis demonstrated cellular metaplasia and glandular hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia as the underlying morphological correlate of the hypersecretion.
In summary, SO2-exposure can lead to characteristic airway remodeling and changes in mucus secretion in rats. As only long-term exposure to 20 ppm leads to a combination of hypersecretion and airway inflammation, only this mode of exposure should be used to mimic human COPD. Concentrations less or higher than 20 ppm or short term exposure do not induce the respiratory symptom of hypersecretion. The present model may be used to characterize the effects of new compounds on mucus secretion in the background of experimental COPD.
Background: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with human morbidity and mortality, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD and lung cancer. Although direct DNA-damage is a leading pathomechanism in active smokers, passive smoking is enough to induce bronchial asthma, especially in children. Particulate matter (PM) demonstrably plays an important role in this ETS-associated human morbidity, constituting a surrogate parameter for ETS exposure.
Methods: Using an Automatic Environmental Tobacco Smoke Emitter (AETSE) and an in-house developed, non-standard smoking regime, we tried to imitate the smoking process of human smokers to demonstrate the significance of passive smoking. Mean concentration (Cmean) and area under the curve (AUC) of particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by 3R4F reference cigarettes and the popular filter-tipped and non-filter brand cigarettes “Roth-Händle” were measured and compared. The cigarettes were not conditioned prior to smoking. The measurements were tested for Gaussian distribution and significant differences.
Results: Cmean PM2.5 of the 3R4F reference cigarette: 3911 µg/m3; of the filter-tipped Roth-Händle: 3831 µg/m3; and of the non-filter Roth-Händle: 2053 µg/m3. AUC PM2.5 of the 3R4F reference cigarette: 1,647,006 µg/m3·s; of the filter-tipped Roth-Händle: 1,608,000 µg/m3·s; and of the non-filter Roth-Händle: 858,891 µg/m3·s.
Conclusion: The filter-tipped cigarettes (the 3R4F reference cigarette and filter-tipped Roth-Händle) emitted significantly more PM2.5 than the non-filter Roth-Händle. Considering the harmful potential of PM, our findings note that the filter-tipped cigarettes are not a less harmful alternative for passive smokers. Tobacco taxation should be reconsidered and non-smoking legislation enforced.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anamnestic, axiographic and occlusal parameters and postural control in healthy women aged between 41 and 50 years. Materials and methods: A total of 100 female participants aged between 41 and 50 (45.12 ± 2.96) years participated in the study. In addition to completing a general anamnesis questionnaire, lower jaw movements were measured axiographically, dental occlusion parameters were determined using a model analysis and postural parameters were recorded using a pressure measurement platform. The significance level was 5%. Results: An increasing weight and a rising BMI lead to a weight shifted from the rearfoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.04) to the forefoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.02). A limited laterotrusion on the right resulted in a lower forefoot load and an increased rearfoot load (p ≤ 0.01). Laterotrusion to the left (extended above the standard) showed a lower frontal sway (p ≤ 0.02) and a reduced elliptical area, height and width (p ≤ 0.01, 0.02, 0.03). Thus, the extent of deviation correlated with reduced right forefoot loading (p ≤ 0.03) and the extent of deflection correlated with increased left foot loading (p ≤ 0.01). The higher the extent of angle class II malocclusion, the larger the ellipse area (p ≤ 0.04) and the ellipse height (p ≤ 0.02) resulted. Conclusions: There is a connection between weight, BMI and laterotrusion, as well as between angle class II malocclusion and postural control in women aged between 41 and 50 years. Interdisciplinary functional examinations of mandibular movements treating possible limitations can be conducive for an improvement of postural control. Clinical relevance: Angle class II malocclusion has a negative influence on postural control.
The aim of this study was to determine association between constitutional, medical history and axiographic parameters with postural control parameters. Overall, 106 healthy female subjects aged between 21 and 30 years were measured. Data collection was carried out by completing a questionnaire on constitutional parameters, illnesses, accidents and medical/orthodontic therapies, as well as by axio- and posturographic measurements. Data were analyzed using correlations, pair comparisons and group comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. The statistical evaluation showed significant correlations between sporting exercise and body sway in the sagittal direction (p ≤ 0.03), the BMI and the load on the forefoot/rear foot (p ≤ 0.01), the mouth opening and the load on the forefoot/rearfoot (p ≤ 0.01) and the presence of a deviation with the load on the left/right foot (p ≤ 0.01). The physical condition as well as the temporo-mandibular system are associated with the postural control in young women. Therefore, a holistic diagnosis and therapy will be supported by the present outcomes.
Objectiv:e To explore the association of physical activity (PA) with musculoskeletal pain (MSK pain).
Design: Cross-sectional study
Setting: 14 countries (Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland and the USA).
Participants: Individuals aged 18 or older.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: PA volumes were assessed with an adapted version of the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-short. Prevalence of MSK pain was captured by means of a 20-item checklist of body locations. Based on the WHO recommendation on PA, participants were classified as non-compliers (0–150 min/week), compliers (150–300 min/week), double compliers (300–450 min/week), triple compliers (450–600 min/week), quadruple compliers (600–750 min/week), quintuple compliers (750–900 min/week) and top compliers (more than 900 min/week). Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted ORs of the association between PA and MSK pain for each body location, correcting for age, sex, employment status and depression risk.
Results: A total of 13 741 participants completed the survey. Compared with non-compliers, compliers had smaller odds of MSK pain in one location (thoracic pain, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.93). Double compliance was associated with reduced pain occurrence in six locations (elbow, OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98; forearm, OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.99; wrist, OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98; hand, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.79; fingers, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.99; abdomen, OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.91). Triple to top compliance was also linked with lower odds of MSK pain (five locations in triple compliance, three in quadruple compliance, two in quintuple compliance, three in top compliance), but, at the same time, presented increased odds of MSK pain in some of the other locations.
Conclusion: A dose of 300–450 min WHO-equivalent PA/week was associated with lower odds of MSK pain in six body locations. On the other hand, excessive doses of PA were associated with higher odds of pain in certain body locations.
Background: Diseases associated with smoking are a foremost cause of premature death in the world, both in developed and developing countries. Eliminating smoking can do more to improve health and prolong life than any other measure in the field of preventive medicine. Today's medical students will play a prominent role in future efforts to prevent and control tobacco use.
Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous survey of fifth-year medical students in Berlin, Germany was conducted in November 2007. The study explored the prevalence of smoking among medical students. We assessed their current knowledge regarding tobacco dependence and the effectiveness of smoking cessation methods. Students' perceived competence to counsel smokers and promote smoking cessation treatments was also explored. Analyses were based on responses from 258 students (86.6% response rate).
Results: One quarter of the medical students surveyed were current smokers. The smoking rate was 22.1% among women, 32.4% among men. Students underestimated smoking-related mortality and the negative effect of smoking on longevity. A considerable number of subjects erroneously assumed that nicotine causes coronary artery disease. Students' overall knowledge of the effectiveness of smoking cessation methods was inadequate. Only one third of the students indicated that they felt qualified to counsel patients about tobacco dependence.
Conclusions: This study reveals serious deficiencies in knowledge and counseling skills among medical students in our sample. The curriculum of every medical school should include a tobacco module. Thus, by providing comprehensive training in nicotine dependence interventions to medical students, smokers will have access to the professional expertise they need to quit smoking.
Hintergrund: Der eigene Körper ist das zentrale Arbeitsinstrument eines*einer Tanzpädagog*in (TP) innerhalb der Bewegungsvermittlung. Bisher fehlen Erkenntnisse über die subjektive Wahrnehmung der eigenen berufsassoziierten Gesundheit und Zufriedenheit sowie die Identifizierung gesundheitsbelastender Berufsmerkmale.
Methodik: Im Rahmen einer fragebogenbasierten Querschnittserhebung wurde eine Kohorte von TP in Deutschland zur eigenen Gesundheit und generellen Berufszufriedenheit und belastenden Aspekten im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Berufsausübung untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden allgemeine anthropometrische und soziodemographische Merkmale erfasst. Neben der Betrachtung der Gesamtkohorte wurde auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede getestet. In die statistische Analyse wurden n = 232 TP (m: 51/w: 181) im Alter von 43,1 ± 11,0 Jahren eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse: Der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand wurde von 85,3 % der Befragten mit „befriedigend“ (26,1 %) bis „sehr gut“ (14,7 %) beurteilt. 59,2 % der Tanzpädagog*innen schätzten ihre Gesundheit „gut“ (35,3 %) bis „sehr gut“ ein. Es herrschte eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen Berufsausübung für 80 % der Teilnehmenden. Die TP fühlten sich überwiegend in der Lage (trifft „voll & ganz“ bzw. „eher zu“), mit den physischen (75,7 %) und psychischen Berufsanforderungen (70,3 %) umzugehen. Als belastende Berufsmerkmale in der Eigenwahrnehmung können neben Zukunftsängsten (51,5 %) vor allem arbeitsorganisatorische (fehlende Zeit für Familie und Freunde bei 28,4 %) und ökonomische Aspekte (Einkommensunsicherheit bei 61,0 % und fehlende Altersabsicherung bei 65,7 %) herausgestellt werden.
Diskussion: Die Berufsausübung als TP geht mit einer hohen generellen Zufriedenheit und einem positiven Empfinden des eigenen Gesundheitszustandes einher. Eine Bestätigung dieser positiven Ergebnisse durch Verletzungs- und Erkrankungsstatistiken steht noch aus. Darüber hinaus wäre eine Verbesserung arbeitsorganisatorischer und ökonomischer Aspekte wünschenswert.
Bicycle traumata are very common and especially neurologic complications lead to disability and death in all stages of the life. This review assembles the most recent findings concerning research in the field of bicycle traumata combined with the factor of bicycle helmet use. The area of bicycle trauma research is by nature multidisciplinary and relevant not only for physicians but also for experts with educational, engineering, judicial, rehabilitative or public health functions. Due to this plurality of global publications and special subjects, short time reviews help to detect recent research directions and provide also information from neighbour disciplines for researchers. It can be stated that to date, that although a huge amount of research has been conducted in this area more studies are needed to evaluate and improve special conditions and needs in different regions, ages, nationalities and to create successful prevention programs of severe head and face injuries while cycling. Focus was explicit the bicycle helmet use, wherefore sledding, ski and snowboard studies were excluded and only one study concerning electric bicycles remained due to similar motion structures within this review. The considered studies were all published between January 2010 and August 2011 and were identified via the online databases Medline PubMed and ISI Web of Science.
Background: Occupational demands of educators are not very well researched. Nevertheless their work is subject to several requirements. Whether these demands have an effect on the work ability and the health status of employees has also not been examined. Furthermore it is unclear if the ownership type of day care centres have an influence on job satisfaction and work ability of the pedagogical staff and what kind of resources do exist. Previous studies were mainly based on questionnaire data. Objective data does not exist. Therefore the aim of this investigation is to collect precise data relating to work of educators.
Methods: Effects of different types of ownership of day care centres on job satisfaction and work ability of educators will be assessed with the help of objective real time studies in combination with multi-level psycho diagnostic measurements.
Discussion: The present study is the first of its kind. Up to now there are no computer-based real time studies on workflow of pedagogical staff with regard to assess their work-related stress. Following an exhaustive documentation of educators work processes the day-to-day task can be estimated and approaches for prevention can be developed. This can substantially contribute to an overall improvement of child care in Germany.