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Walter Biese described Littoridina santiagensis Biese, 1944 (Cochliopidae) from Estero Dehesa in 1944 based exclusively on external shell features and a second allopatric population in Yeso Spring three years later. Since 2011 different samplings have been carried out at the type locality and have only provided specimens of the morphologically similar invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gray, 1843 (Tateidae), raising doubts about the identity of the species. The recent finding of two snail morphotypes in Yeso Spring, a thick shelled form congruent with type specimens of L. santiagensis and a slender one morphologically associable to P. antipodarum, allowed comparative studies, including the taxonomic analysis of additional populations with similar shell morphology occurring in central Chile. A DNA barcoding (COI) approach identified the slender form from Yeso Spring in Maipo Basin and a second population from the contiguous Rapel Basin indeed as the invasive P. antipodarum; however, L. santiagensis was recovered among species of Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Tateidae), justifying the Potamolithus santiagensis (Biese, 1944) comb. nov. Besides recognition of three other populations as belonging to Potamolithus, the molecular analysis also suggests trans-Andean dispersal of this group of snails in the Southern Cone of South America.
Coronuloid barnacles are epibionts of several marine vertebrates (including cetaceans and sea turtles) as well as invertebrates, and are assigned to two families of turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 and Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976) and one family of whale barnacles (Coronulidae Leach, 1817). Chelonibiids and coronulids have a scanty, albeit significant fossil record extending back to the Eocene and Pliocene, respectively; in turn, the fossil record of platylepadids is limited to a single record from the Upper Pleistocene. Here we report on an isolated carinolateral compartment of Platylepas Gray, 1825, the type genus of the family, from Lower Pleistocene (Gelasian) epibathyal deposits exposed at Milazzo (Sicily, Italy). This specimen is here designated holotype of a new species, †Platylepas mediterranea sp. nov. We argue that, like most extant members of Platylepas, †P. mediterranea sp. nov. lived partially embedded in the skin of a sea turtle. This record of an extinct platylepadid – the first from the Mediterranean region and the second worldwide – pushes back the fossil record of Platylepadidae to the lowermost Quaternary, thus possibly supporting an even earlier (e.g., Neogene) timing for the origin of this family and adding a new chapter to the evolutionary history of one of the most diverse and successful lineages of epizoic crustaceans.
Pocket gopher burrows (Rodentia: Geomyidae) were sampled from five previously unsampled localities in northern Louisiana to determine the associated faunal composition of Histeridae and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). Sampling produced four species of Histeridae and seven species of Scarabaeidae, all of which had been previously reported from Louisiana. The most commonly collected scarab beetle was Cryptoscatomaseter haldemani (Horn) followed by Geomyphilus insolitus (Brown). Onthophilus kirni Ross was the most commonly collected hister beetle.
Pocket gopher burrows were sampled from 22 counties within Arkansas to determine the associated faunal composition of three major families of Coleoptera (Histeridae, Leiodidae and Scarabaeidae) commonly associated with pocket gopher burrows. We collected eight species of Histeridae, four species of Leiodidae and eight species of Scarabaeidae from the burrows of Geomys breviceps Baird. Three of the Histeridae were new state records, Geomysaprinus goffi Ross, G. rugosifrons (Fall) and Margarinotus felipae (Lewis). All of the Leiodidae were new state records and one Scarabaeidae was a new state record, Dellacasiellus concavus (Say). The most commonly collected scarab beetles were Cryptoscatomaseter haldemani (Horn) and Geomyphilus insolitus (Brown). The most commonly collected hister beetle was Onthophilus kirni Ross. The Leiodidae were infrequently captured.
The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.
The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Purusha Distant, 1906 is reviewed and a key to the genera of Eurybrachini is given. Two new species, P. bellissima sp. nov. and P. vietnamica sp. nov. are described from Myanmar and North Vietnam, respectively. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. reversa (Hope, 1843). All species are illustrated, including all type specimens and the male genitalia for the first time. Distribution maps, identification key to species and biological data are provided. The sexual dimorphism in the genus is discussed. Five species are currently placed in Purusha.
A new species of the genus Birdantis Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), B. bhaskarai sp. nov. from Larat Island (Tanimbar), is described. Birdantis collaris (Walker, 1870) stat. rev. and B. trilineata (Schmidt, 1926) stat. rev. are reinstated as valid species, respectively from status of subspecies and as junior synonym of B. delibuta Stål, 1863. These four species, as well as the other one previously described from the Maluku Islands, B. decens Stål, 1863, are illustrated from their type specimens. An identification key, a distribution map, illustrations of habitus and details of male genitalia are provided. The synonymy between Myrilla Distant, 1888 and Birdantis is formally reinstated and all species formerly placed in the subgenus Birdantis (Myrilla) are transferred to Birdantis sensu stricto. Birdantis is transferred to the subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 and now contains eighteen species distributed in Maluku (five species), New Guinea and neighbouring islands (ten species) and Australia
(three species).
The species group effusus of the genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839 is reviewed and the nomenclatural history of the genus Pyrops is briefly summarized. One new species from eastern Borneo, Pyrops synavei sp. nov., is described. P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat. nov. is proposed as a valid species instead of a subspecies of P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). P. maquilinganus (Baker, 1925) is removed from the effusus group and placed back into the candelaria group. P. cyanirostris (Guérin-Méneville, 1845) is removed from the group and not attributed to any of the currently defined species groups. An illustrated key to the species of the group with the addition of P. intricatus (Walker, 1857) and a distribution map are given. The effusus group is restricted to Borneo and adjacent Laut Island and presently contains 4 species: P. effusus (Distant, 1891), P. gunjii (Satô & Nagai, 1994) stat.nov., P. synavei sp. nov. and P. whiteheadi (Distant, 1889). Trophobiosis observations with the gecko Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1835) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) and two species of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattodea), one Dorylaea sp. and an unidentified species of Pseudophyllodromiinae, are reported and illustrated for P. whiteheadi; observation with a cockroach, Dorylaea sp., is reported for P. intricatus.
The species of the genus Polydictya Guérin-Méneville, 1844 from Sulawesi and adjacent islands are reviewed and three new species are described: P. bantimurung sp. nov. (Sulawesi), P. basirubra sp. nov. (Sulawesi, Wowoni and Buton) and P. pelengana sp. nov. (Peleng). An identification key for the 6 species recorded in the area is given. Habitus, detailed illustrations and a distribution map are provided for all species. The male genitalia of the three new species are illustrated and described, and the male genitalia of P. thanatos Chew Kea Foo, Porion & Audibert, 2010 are figured and described for the first time. The genus Polydictya now contains 24 species.
The Malagasy genus Belbina Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is revised, transferred from the Enchophorinae Haupt, 1829 to the Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847, and two new species, B. bourgoini sp. nov. and B. laetitiae sp. nov., are described. The genus Cornelia Stål, 1866 is proposed as a junior synonym of Belbina. The following new combinations are proposed: Belbina bergrothi (Schmidt, 1911) comb. nov. and B. nympha (Stål, 1866) comb. nov. The combination Belbina foliacea Lallemand, 1950 is restored. Aphana madagascariensis Westwood, 1851 is redescribed, transferred to Belbina and the new combination B. madagascariensis (Westwood, 1851) is proposed. Belbina vicina Lallemand, 1959 is proposed as a junior synonym of B. falleni Stål, 1863 and Cornelia atomaria (Brancsik, 1893) as a junior synonym of Belbina nympha (Stål, 1866). Neotypes are designated for B. madagascariensis (Westwood, 1851) comb. nov. and B. servillei (Spinola, 1839). The genus now comprises 12 species from Madagascar. A list of diagnostic characters, an identification key, illustrations of the male genitalia and distribution maps are provided. The falleni+ species group is defined based on characters of the male genitalia and contains the following 5 species: B. bloetei Lallemand, 1959, B. falleni Stål, 1863, B. laetitiae sp. nov., B. lambertoni Lallemand, 1922 and B. pionneaui Lallemand, 1922.