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Phylogenetic analyses of the highly diverse (non-marine aquatic) gastropod family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 have revealed seven main lineages, most of which represent subfamilies. The subfamily Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977, and specifically the genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 (mainly inhabiting western and central Mediterranean regions), contributes substantially to this hydrobiid richness. Most of its congeners have been described in terms of their shell and penis features, which are of limited diagnostic value. Hence, the taxonomic status of some Pseudamnicola species needs to be revised, particularly of those inhabiting marginal regions, such as the Ponto-Caspian domain, largely occupied by the subfamily Pyrgulinae Brusina, 1882. Here we present a molecular phylogeny including species of both subfamilies along with extended morphological descriptions to confirm assignments of the Iranian species Pseudamnicola zagrosensis Glöer & Pešić, 2009; Sarkia kermanshahensis Glöer & Pešić, 2009 (originally within Pseudamnicola) and P. saboori Glöer & Pešić, 2009. Our COI-based tree rejects these assignments suggesting a new potential lineage, sister to the pyrgulinid species, and comprising three genera: Shadinia Akramowski, 1976, Intermaria gen. nov. and Persipyrgula gen. nov. These genera differ molecularly by 3.6%–8.5%, and are diagnosable by penis, female genitalia and radula features. Our findings evidence the high morphological variability of pyrgulinid species and provide insight into the origins and evolution of the freshwater Ponto-Caspian fauna.
Systematic revision of the genus Orodaliscoides Schmidt, 1913 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)
(2012)
The species belonging to the genus Orodaliscoides Schmidt (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) are redescribed and figured. The following new combinations are proposed: Orodaliscoides fimbripes (Brown, 1928) and Orodaliscoides giulianii (Gordon, 1977).
The new species Cephalocyclus majomaensis and Oscarinus cabreroi from Mexico are described and figured. While studying specimens from Mexico to complete a systematic revision of the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of that region, we found a couple of species new to science. They belong to the genera Cephalocyclus Dellacasa, Gordon and Dellacasa, 1998 and Oscarinus Gordon and Skelley, 2007, and are described here.
The American species belonging to the genus Gonaphodiellus Schmidt (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) are redescribed and figured. Two new genera are described: Gonaphodioides and Gonaphodiopsis. Fourteen new species are described: Gonaphodiellus arcanus, G. cerropuntanus, G. manantlanicus, G. martinpierai, G. omiltemicus, G. sacatepequezis, Gonaphodioides newtoni, G. ratcliffei, G. skelleyi, Gonaphodiopsis deloyai, G. hypogea, G. montesdeocai, G. pachecoi, G. teopiscaensis. The lectotype of Aphodius columbicus (Harold, 1880) is designated. The following new combinations are proposed: Gonaphodiellus nigrinus (Schmidt, 1916), Gonaphodioides acutecernans (Balthasar, 1960), Gonaphodioides chapini (Hinton, 1934), Gonaphodioides columbicus (Harold, 1880), Gonaphodioides sincerus (Petrovitz, 1973). Aphodius (Gonaphodiellus) xalapensis Galante, Stebnicka and Verdú, 2003 is placed as a junior synonym of Gonaphodiellus bimaculosus (Schmidt, 1909), new synonymy. Aphodius ataenioides Hinton, 1938 and Aphodius (Blackburneus) castanescens Petrovitz, 1973 are placed as junior synonyms of Gonaphodioides chapini (Hinton, 1934), new synonymies.