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Böll on Joyce, Joyce on Böll : a gnomonical reading of Heinrich Böll's "Die schönsten Füße der Welt"
(1998)
It is my contention - but not my whole argument, as we shall soon see - that this shift or new departure can be attributed in part to Böll's introduction to the work of James Joyce, an event that took place at or around the time when Böll began travelling to Ireland in 1954. Indeed, as if in corroboration of this assumption, the earliest mentionings of Joyce that I have found occur in the second and third episodes of Böll's popular travelogue „Irisches Tagebuch“, published in 1957. It is worth noting, however, that neither of these two comments is formulated in a way that would presuppose more than a superficial knowledge of Joyce's works. And later, too, we find only the occasional allusion to or mention of the lrish writer in Böll's literary work. Nor does Joyce or his œuvre figure prominently in Böll's countless essays and interviews on writers and writing. Even in the short article „Über den Roman“ of 1960, which is devoted to the modern novel and would provide the natural occasion for an acknowledgement of this kind, Böll refers neither to „A Portrait of the Artist as a young Man“ nor to „Ulysses“, not to mention „Finnegans Wake“.
Rezension zu Gerald Gillespie: Proust, Mann, Joyce in the Modernist Context, Washington/D.C. (The Catholic University of America Press) 2003. 235 Seiten.
Gillespies Studien zur literarischen Moderne greifen teilweise auf frühere und an anderen Stellen publizierte Forschungsergebnisse und Thesen zurück. Sie gliedern sich in zwei Teile: Die Kapitel des ersten Teils erörtern schwerpunktmäßig modernespezifische Formen der Welterfahrung und -darstellung sowie zentrale Themen und charakteristische Strukturen moderner Literatur. Teil II ist vor allem den Oeuvres von Proust, Mann und Joyce gewidmet. Durch eine Fülle von Querbezügen zwischen den im einzelnen verfolgten Fragestellungen ergibt sich ein dichtes Gewebe von präzisen Beobachtungen, Beschreibungen, Argumenten und Thesen zur literarischen Moderne.
[...] die Erkenntnis, daß "Ulysses", dieser Roman der Romane des 20. Jahrhunderts aus dem Jahre 1922, [...] auch ein jüdischer Roman ist, hat sich so noch nicht durchgesetzt. Wohl spielen Gedanken zum jüdischen Thema eine Rolle in der reichen, ja überreichen Sekundarliteratur, meist gar nicht, wenn ja, weniger als mehr. Das Thema bleibt am Rande, die Frage ward so nicht gestellt. Und doch ist er auch ein jüdischer Roman, und nicht nur von der Hauptfigur, von Leopold Bloom her.
„Great writers,“ those who constitute our canon (at any given moment, one should add warily, since aesthetic canons fluctuate considerably over time), have invariably been the focus of reception studies, partly because they provide the most fertile ground for research, but partly also because literary scholars (and in particular the aspiring doctoral candidate: I myself graduated with an influence /reception study of this kind) need some justification for their endeavors, and what better ticket into the ivory rower - or onto the book market - than the study of the most seminal and widely accepted authors? James Joyce is just such a „great author.“ And „James Joyce and German Literature,“ the subject of this essay, must inevitably result in some form of reception study. But just what form should it take? Within the limited space of one article, it would be impossible to survey in toto Joyce's influence on German literature; that is, the multiple receptions of Joyce by some four or five generations of authors writing in German.
The essay provides a contrapuntal "parallactic" reading of Johann Wolfgang Goethe's "Bildungsroman" Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre - with its extensions Wilhelm Meisters theatralische Sendung and Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre - and James Joyce's high modernist A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Ulysses (1922). Derived from astronomy, the term parallax designates, transferred to literary history, a narrative stratagem, a metapoetical rationale, and an interpretive method. Joyce employs it as a key concept and narrative tool in Ulysses to denote a stereoscopic perspective applied to the protagonists’ actions and the world they live in. Leopold Bloom thus refl ects on it and the technique of Ulysses is determined by it. On a higher plane, literary critics, too, engage in literary historical parallax whenever they read texts intertextually — as exemplified in this essay. A parallactic reading of the novels’ protagonists Wilhelm Meister and Stephen Dedalus, as regards not just their identification with Shakespeare’s Hamlet but also the symbolic connotations embedded in their names and mythological pretexts, allows us to shed new light on the roles and significance of narrative irony, chance, and paternity in these novels.
'Dante and Ireland', or 'Dante and Irish Writers', is an extremely vast topic, and to cover it a book rather than an essay would be necessary. If the relationship between the poet and Ireland did not begin in the fourteenth century - when Dante himself may have had some knowledge of, and been inspired by, the "Vision of Adamnán", the "Vision of Tungdal", and the "Tractatus de purgatorio Sancti Patricii" - the story certainly had started by the eighteenth, when the Irish man of letters Henry Boyd was the first to produce a complete English translation of the "Comedy", published in 1802. Even if one restricts the field to twentieth-century literature alone, which is the aim in the present piece, the list of authors who are influenced by Dante includes Yeats, Joyce, Beckett, and Heaney - that is to say, four of the major writers not only of Ireland, but of Europe and the entire West. To these should then be added other Irish poets of the first magnitude, such as Louis MacNeice, Ciaran Carson, Eiléan Ní Cuilleanáin, and Thomas Kinsella. Therefore Piero Boitani treats this theme in a somewhat cursory manner, privileging the episodes he considers most relevant and the themes which he thinks form a coherent and intricate pattern of literary history, where every author is not only metamorphosing Dante but also rewriting his predecessor, or predecessors, who had rewritten Dante. Distinct from the English and American Dante of Pound and Eliot, an 'Irish Dante', whom Joyce was to call 'ersed irredent', slowly grows out of this pattern.
Rezension zu Finn Fordham: I Do I Undo I Redo. The textual Genesis of Modernist Selves in Hopkins, Yeats, Conrad, Forster, Joyce, and Woolf. Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2010. 281 S.
"Why are not excrements, children and lice works of art?" fragt sich James Joyce 1903 in seinem Pariser Notizbuch. Im elf Jahre später fertig gestellten 'Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man' schreibt er die Frage Stephen Dedalus als Eintrag in dessen Notizbuch zu. Finn Fordhams Band 'I Do I Undo I Redo' verspricht, den Prozess der Verfertigung von Kunstwerken zu analysieren, der bei Joyce in Frage stehen bleibt.
After studying the way in which various modern interpretations (political, psychoanalytic, traumatological) of Homer analyze the emotions aroused and/or conveyed by the song of the sirens, we will look at the "self-reflexive" interpretation that Maurice Blanchot ("Le Livre à venir", 1959) proposes of "Odyssey's" "Song XII". We will see that this interpretation can provide an excellent reading grid for modern rewritings of the episode, which overinvest one of the emotional aspects of the sirens' song - that is, the emotion of the language that goes out of itself in order to become music (in Joyce - "Ulysses", 1918-1920) or silence (in Kafka - "Das Schweigen der Sirenen", 1917).