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A new genus and species of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea), Megabathynella totemensis Camacho & Abrams gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Northern Territory, Australia. This species is the first to be described from an Australian cave. It is a new giant species (4 to 6 mm). The new species displays several unique morphological character states within Parabathynellidae and is the only known species with: more than 12 articles on antennules, with a short, curved barbed seta on each article from the fifth; eight setae on the last article of antennae; more than three setae on the mandibular palp; up to 17 articles on the exopod of the thoracopods, without ctenidia but with a strong spine on each article at the base of the external seta; strong row of pair of spines on latero-external side of second article of endopod in all thoracopods; the male thoracopod VIII is different from all those known; more than 50 spines on the sympod of the uropod and more than 35 spines on the furcal rami. Specimens of the new species are morphologically different from all known species, but more closely resemble some giant species of the genera Kampucheabathynella (Asia), and Billibathynella and Brevisomabathynella (Australia).
Children from upper-class families have better cognitive outcomes and fewer behavioural problems than those from working-class families. Previous studies highlighted that the class gap in child development is partially driven by differences in parenting styles, but they rarely looked at multiple, more specific dimensions of parenting, i.e., inductive reasoning, parenting consistency, warmth and anger. This study provides a systematic account of how parental social class shapes these four dimensions of parenting, and how these dimensions affect children’s cognitive outcomes and behavioural problems. Using high-quality, longitudinal data, and both hybrid models and the generalized methods of moments, this study reports two main findings. First, upper-class parents significantly differ from lower-class parents in two parenting dimensions, displaying more inductive reasoning and parenting consistency, but no relevant class differences are found in the two emotion-type dimensions of parenting (i.e., warmth and anger). Second, all four parenting dimensions have a strong impact on children’s behavioural problems, while they do not affect cognitive outcomes. An exception is consistency, the only dimension that affects both types of child outcomes. The study underscores the relevance of analysing parenting and child development from a multidimensional approach to better understand how upper-class parents transmit advantage to children.
A new subgenus of Orinda Kirkaldy, 1907, Montorinda subgen. nov., is described to accommodate two new species from southeastern Queensland, O. (Montorinda) eungellana sp. nov. from Eungella National Park and O. (Montorinda) montana sp. nov. from Mount Walsh National Park. The new species are compared to the other species of the genus and a new subgenus Scapulorinda subgen. nov. is described to accommodate Orinda (Scapulorinda) scapularis (Jacobi, 1928), leaving a single species in the subgenus Orinda: O. (Orinda) lucindae (Kirkaldy, 1906). Illustrations of the male holotype, a female paratype and male genitalia are provided for both new species as well as habitus and wing of O. (Scapulorinda) scapularis (Jacobi, 1928), the most closely related species, for comparison. The type series of the O. (Montorinda) montana sp. nov. was collected on Grevillea whiteana Mc Gill. (Proteaceae). The genus Orinda is only recorded from Queensland and now contains four species.
The genus Cleotyche in the monotypic Australian planthopper tribe Cleotychini (Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) is reviewed. The subgenus Griseotyche subgen. nov. is described to accommodate one species Cleotyche blanda Emeljanov, 2011 while the second species, C. mariae Emeljanov, 1997, is retained in the subgenus Cleotyche (Cleotyche) Emeljanov, 1997. Three new species of Cleotyche (Cleotyche) from Queensland, C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. from Cania Gorge National Park, C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. from Eurimbula National Park and C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. from Blackdown Tableland National Park are described and compared to the type species of the subgenus, C. (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997. Illustration of the type specimens, male and female whenever available, and a distribution map are provided for the five species of the genus. The male genitalia and habitat of the three new species are illustrated. The tribe Cleotychini now contains one genus, Cleotyche with two subgenera and five species. Biological, ecological and biogeographical information is provided where available for each species. The diversity of Australian Dictyopharidae and mimicry of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Cleotychini are discussed briefly.
The southeastern Australian millipede genus Pogonosternum Jeekel, 1965 is revised. Pogonosternum nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902), P. adrianae Jeekel, 1982 and P. laetificum Jeekel, 1982 are redescribed; P. jeekeli Decker, sp. nov. and P. montanum Decker, sp. nov. are described from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. P. nigrovirgatum infuscum Jeekel, 1982 and P. coniferum Jeekel, 1965 are junior synonyms of P. nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902). An updated key to all five species of the genus is presented.
Systematic reviews represent the core and backbone of evidence-based medicine (EBM) strategies in all fields of medicine. In order to depict a first global sketch of the international efforts in the Cochrane database systematic reviews (CDSR), we analyzed the systematic reviews of the Cochrane database. Our global maps of systematic reviewing offer intriguing structural insights into the world of EBM strategies. They demonstrate that for the CDSR, the UK and Commonwealth countries take the lead position. Since patients, care providers and health systems all over the world benefit from systematic reviewing, institutions in other countries should increase their commitment.
Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea) are a group of monocotyledonous plants endemic to Australia, with a characteristic crown of long and narrow leaves. In the present study, the grasstree-associated weevils of the genus Paratranes Zimmerman, 1994 are reviewed and two species are recognised: P. monopticus (Pascoe, 1870) and P. zimmermani sp. nov. A lectotype for Tranes xanthorrhoeae Lea, 1898, which was recently synonymised with P. monopticus, is herein designated, and the validity of this synonymy is confirmed. Descriptions and diagnoses of the species are supplemented with photographs of their habitus and salient structures as well as a map of their distributions.
Glemparon Jaschhof, 2013, a previously monotypic genus confined to Sweden, is shown here to be considerably richer in species, with most species found to occur in the Australasian region. Eighteen new species are described: G. tomelilla sp. nov. (from Sweden); G. aotearoa sp. nov., G. birhojohmi sp. nov., G. cervus sp. nov., G. didhami sp. nov, G. kaikoura sp. nov., G. nativitas sp. nov., G. orautahi sp. nov., G. otago sp. nov., G. pureora sp. nov., G. rakiura sp. nov., G. rotoiti sp. nov., G. rotoroa sp. nov., G. tewaipounamu sp. nov., G. waipapa sp. nov., G. waipoua sp. nov. (all from New Zealand); G. manuka sp. nov. and G. warra sp. nov. (both from Tasmania, Australia). Glemparon sagittifer Jaschhof, 2013 is redescribed. Genitalic illustrations are provided allowing for the effective identification of all the species known thus far. Morphological data obtained here are used for revising the generic definition. Dicerura Kieffer, 1898 is hypothesized as the sister group to Glemparon. The case of Glemparon is discussed as a perfect example of the fact that our collective ignorance of porricondyline diversity in most parts of the world is a major impediment to a better understanding of the European species.
Two new species of Psammoecus Latreille, 1829 from Australia are described: Psammoecus australis sp. nov. and P. venustus sp. nov. A taxonomic revision and diagnoses for other Australian species are provided. Psammoecus obesus Grouvelle, 1919 is recorded from Australia for the first time. Two new synonyms are discovered: Psammoecus t-notatus Blackburn, 1908 = P. amoenus Grouvelle, 1912 syn. nov.; Psammoecus vittifer Blackburn, 1903 = P. concolor Grouvelle, 1919 syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Psammoecus concolor Grouvelle, 1919.
The Australian genus Pleuroseta Richards, 1973 is revised, including P. wentworthi (Richards, 1973) and three new species: P. ingens sp. nov. (Queensland), P. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland) and P. occidentalis sp. nov. (Western Australia). Leptocera (Biroina) dorrigonis Richards, 1973 is treated as a new junior synonym of Pleuroseta wentworthi.