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Neste artigo, proponho a aproximação do poema "Engführung" (1958), do poeta Paul Celan, com o ensaio "Cascas" (2011 [2017]), do historiador de arte francês Georges Didi-Huberman, tomando como ponto de partida a ideia de percurso que atravessa ambas as obras. Para tanto, baseio-me nas leituras que Joachim Seng faz do poema de Celan (1992; 1998), nas quais lê "Engführung" como um trajeto do eu-poético pelo campo de concentração (Auschwitz) que é, ao mesmo tempo, campo da memória e linguagem. Em "Cascas", Didi-Huberman relata o percurso da sua visita a Auschwitz, enfocando o papel do olhar na realização do trabalho da memória. Nesse sentido, ao posicionar lado a lado o poema e o ensaio, estes parecem apontar para modos de olhar e dizer Auschwitz que colocam para o leitor as tensões inerentes a este movimento, não se omitem desta tarefa ética e refletem criticamente a postura individual e coletiva diante da lacuna do testemunho e do que resta do campo de concentração.
What are called 'natural languages' are artificial, often politically instituted and regulated, phenomena; a more accurate picture of speech practices around the globe is of a multidimensional continuum. This essay asks what the implications of this understanding of language are for translation, and focuses on the variety of Afrikaans known as Kaaps, which has traditionally been treated as a dialect rather than a language in its own right. An analysis of a poem in Kaaps by Nathan Trantraal reveals the challenges such a use of language constitutes for translation. A revised understanding of translation is proposed, relying less on the notion of transfer of meaning from one language to another and more on an active engagement with the experience of the reader.
We tested the hypothesis that phonosemantic iconicity––i.e., a motivated resonance of sound and meaning––might not only be found on the level of individual words or entire texts, but also in word combinations such that the meaning of a target word is iconically expressed, or highlighted, in the phonetic properties of its immediate verbal context. To this end, we extracted single lines from German poems that all include a word designating high or low dominance, such as large or small, strong or weak, etc. Based on insights from previous studies, we expected to find more vowels with a relatively short distance between the first two formants (low formant dispersion) in the immediate context of words expressing high physical or social dominance than in the context of words expressing low dominance. Our findings support this hypothesis, suggesting that neighboring words can form iconic dyads in which the meaning of one word is sound-iconically reflected in the phonetic properties of adjacent words. The construct of a contiguity-based phono-semantic iconicity opens many venues for future research well beyond lines extracted from poems.
O artigo procura reconsiderar as críticas de Jürgen Habermas à teoria social de Theodor Adorno. Inicialmente, analisamos as razões apresentadas por Habermas para abandonar a crítica dialética do processo de racionalização social. Em seguida, para expor nossas objeções a essa interpretação, reconstruímos duas teses que, embora essenciais à crítica de Adorno ao processo de modernização vigente, foram deslocadas pelo paradigma da ação comunicativa. Por fim, através da relação entre linguagem e racionalidade que Adorno estabelece, sugerimos um tratamento diferente ao lugar da comunicação na constituição das sociedades contemporâneas.
Kultur - Sprache - Gewalt
(2018)
Zum Verständnis der Gewalt dürfte der Versuch beitragen, einen prointuitiven, in der Natur der Sache begründeten Begriff zu konstruieren, dessen Wert in seinem erhöhten Erklärungspotenzial liegt. Im vorliegenden Text wird der Versuch vorgenommen, den Begriff "Gewalt" aus drei fundamentalen menschenkonstitutiven Faktoren abzuleiten, der es ermöglicht, die Gewalt aus der Sicht des Betroffenen systematisch zu beschreiben und erklären. In die Erörterungen werden Kultur und Sprache involviert und innerhalb von drei Subthemen - Interpretation und Gewalt, sprachliche Ordnung und Gewalt, soziale Interaktion und Gewalt - wird ihre Einbeziehung in die "Welt der Gewalt" aus besonderen Perspektiven ins Visier genommen.
This essay approaches the problem of untying the mother tongue using Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe's critique of onto-typology, along with the concept of the 'outre-mère' (the 'beyond-mother'), a limit-figure he and Jean-Luc Nancy devised in their critical assessments of psychoanalysis and its relationship to politics and the problem of mimesis. The essay argues that it will not be possible to deconstruct the figure of the mother tongue, or to untie ourselves from it, as long as we leave unquestioned both the theoretical dependence on figuration and our affective tie ('Gefühlsbindung') to theory.
Speech perception is mediated by both left and right auditory cortices but with differential sensitivity to specific acoustic information contained in the speech signal. A detailed description of this functional asymmetry is missing, and the underlying models are widely debated. We analyzed cortical responses from 96 epilepsy patients with electrode implantation in left or right primary, secondary, and/or association auditory cortex (AAC). We presented short acoustic transients to noninvasively estimate the dynamical properties of multiple functional regions along the auditory cortical hierarchy. We show remarkably similar bimodal spectral response profiles in left and right primary and secondary regions, with evoked activity composed of dynamics in the theta (around 4–8 Hz) and beta–gamma (around 15–40 Hz) ranges. Beyond these first cortical levels of auditory processing, a hemispheric asymmetry emerged, with delta and beta band (3/15 Hz) responsivity prevailing in the right hemisphere and theta and gamma band (6/40 Hz) activity prevailing in the left. This asymmetry is also present during syllables presentation, but the evoked responses in AAC are more heterogeneous, with the co-occurrence of alpha (around 10 Hz) and gamma (>25 Hz) activity bilaterally. These intracranial data provide a more fine-grained and nuanced characterization of cortical auditory processing in the 2 hemispheres, shedding light on the neural dynamics that potentially shape auditory and speech processing at different levels of the cortical hierarchy.
The prefix cyber, prepended onto terms like war, peace, security, and so on, results in interesting word combinations which we construct with our spoken language. Many scholars, from political to social science, have discussed the terms and the semantics of it in order to understand the problem and to create some scientific value out of it. But this article will not be another endless discussion on whether cyberfoo exists somewhere in any computer network at the moment or not...
Verständnisvolle Dozenten haben weniger Fachwissen : Wirkungen der sprachlichen Anpassung an Laien
(2012)
In der Interaktion mit Studierenden ist schriftliche Online-Kommunikation ein wichtiges Arbeitsmedium für jeden Lehrenden geworden. Die Interaktionspartner haben dabei für ihre Urteilsbildung über den jeweils anderen ausschließlich den geschriebenen Text mit seinen lexikalen und grammatikalischen Merkmalen zur Verfügung. Das Ausmaß der lexikalen Anpassung an die Wortwahl eines Studierenden kann daher einen Einfluss auf die studentische Bewertung ihrer Dozenten hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Persönlichkeitseigenschaften haben. In der vorliegenden Studie beurteilten Studierende jeweils zwei Dozenten hinsichtlich Verständnis, Gewissenhaftigkeit und Intellekt (IPIP, Goldberg, Johnson, Eber et al., 2006) auf Grundlage einer Emailkommunikation. Der Grad der lexikalen Anpassung der Lehrenden wurde dabei variiert. Es zeigte sich, dass Studierende Dozenten mit umgangssprachlicher Wortwahl als verständnisvoller, gewissenhafter aber tendenziell weniger wissend einschätzen.
An information system is more than just the information technology; it is the system that emerges from the complex interactions and relationships between the information technology and the organization. However, what impact information technology has on an organization and how organizational structures and organizational change influence information technology remains an open question. We propose a theory to explain how communication structures emerge and adapt to environmental changes. We operationalize the interplay of information technology and organization as language communities whose members use and develop domain-specific languages for communication. Our theory is anchored in the philosophy of language. In developing it as an emergent perspective, we argue that information systems are self-organizing and that control of this ability is disseminated throughout the system itself, to the members of the language community. Information technology influences the dynamics of this adaptation process as a fundamental constraint leading to perturbations for the information system. We demonstrate how this view is separated from the entanglement in practice perspective and show that this understanding has far-reaching consequences for developing, managing, and examining information systems.