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The study of what makes utterances difficult or easy to understand is one of the central topics of research in comprehension. It is both theoretically attractive and useful in practice. The more we know about difficulties in understanding the more we know about understanding. And the better we grasp typical problems of understanding in certain types of discourse and for certain recipients the better we can overcome these problems and the better we can advise people whose job it is to overcome such problems. It is therefore not surprising that comprehensibility has been the object of much reflection as far back as the days of classical rhetoric and that it is a center of lively interest in several present-day scientific disciplines, ranging from artificial intelligence and educational psychology to linguistics.
Compounds containing a carboxylic acid group may be metabolized along several routes. However, the most common pathways involve conjugation reactions with amino acids or glucuronic acid. Also, chain shortening due to beta-oxidation occurs when the carboxylic acid group is attached to a suitable aliphatic moiety. The various metabolic reactions of compounds containing the carboxylic acid group were reviewed by Caldwell. I Additional reactions of the carboxy group have been discovered which reveal that numerous I ipophilic conjugates may be formed. This subject was reviewed by CaldweW3 and Quistad and Hutson4 and the findings demonstrate that the acids may undergo chain extension or incorporation into triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and fatty acid derivatives. In addition to these reactions which occur in the tissues, the metabolism (e.g., decarboxylation or reduction) of some carboxylic acids may be carried out by the intestinal microflora.