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The encoding of images by semantic entities is still an unresolved task. This paper proposes the encoding of images by only a few important components or image primitives. Classically, this can be done by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Recently, the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has found strong interest in the signal processing and neural network community. Using this as pattern primitives we aim for source patterns with the highest occurrence probability or highest information. For the example of a synthetic image composed by characters this idea selects the salient ones. For natural images it does not lead to an acceptable reproduction error since no a-priori probabilities can be computed. Combining the traditional principal component criteria of PCA with the independence property of ICA we obtain a better encoding. It turns out that the Independent Principal Components (IPC) in contrast to the Principal Independent Components (PIC) implement the classical demand of Shannon’s rate distortion theory.
Robotic gesture recognition
(1998)
Robots of the future should communicate with humans in a natural way. We are especially interested in vision-based gesture interfaces. In the context of robotics several constraints exist, which make the task of gesture recognition particularly challenging. We discuss these constraints and report on progress being made in our lab in the development of techniques for building robust gesture interfaces which can handle these constraints. In an example application, the techniques are shown to be easily combined to build a gesture interface for a real robot grasping objects on a table in front of it.
Böll on Joyce, Joyce on Böll : a gnomonical reading of Heinrich Böll's "Die schönsten Füße der Welt"
(1998)
It is my contention - but not my whole argument, as we shall soon see - that this shift or new departure can be attributed in part to Böll's introduction to the work of James Joyce, an event that took place at or around the time when Böll began travelling to Ireland in 1954. Indeed, as if in corroboration of this assumption, the earliest mentionings of Joyce that I have found occur in the second and third episodes of Böll's popular travelogue „Irisches Tagebuch“, published in 1957. It is worth noting, however, that neither of these two comments is formulated in a way that would presuppose more than a superficial knowledge of Joyce's works. And later, too, we find only the occasional allusion to or mention of the lrish writer in Böll's literary work. Nor does Joyce or his œuvre figure prominently in Böll's countless essays and interviews on writers and writing. Even in the short article „Über den Roman“ of 1960, which is devoted to the modern novel and would provide the natural occasion for an acknowledgement of this kind, Böll refers neither to „A Portrait of the Artist as a young Man“ nor to „Ulysses“, not to mention „Finnegans Wake“.