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Neste artigo intencionamos realizar uma análise contrastiva de ocorrências de partículas modais (doravante PM) em alemão, catalão, croata, francês e inglês, propondo uma classe de PM para o português brasileiro. Partimos de referencial teórico com base na pragmática e em teorias funcionalistas como suporte. Nosso principal objetivo é defender a existência de PMs no português brasileiro, sendo elas recursos linguístico-discursivos utilizados com a função de modalizar informações não explícitas durante a interação. Nesse sentido, as PMs ativariam pressupostos nas enunciações baseados em significados nucleares. Trata-se de estudo inédito por propor análises de palavras e locuções que ainda não foram classificadas como tal em gramáticas luso-brasileiras, salvo algumas poucas exceções. O presente estudo justifica-se pela dificuldade que essas PM apresentam tanto para o ensino de língua adicional, quanto para a tradução. A investigação e descrição das PMs alemãs e seus equivalentes funcionais em português, podem, portanto, oferecer caminhos para a compreensão de questões pragmáticas importantes para as trocas comunicativas e seus usos em sala de aula. Finalmente, levantamos a hipótese de que, embora exista uma evidente diferença de classificação dessas partículas em muitas línguas, as funções comunicativas das PMs em alemão podem encontrar semelhantes interpretativos e até equivalentes funcionais em português brasileiro.
The paper focuses on experience gained at the university of Hildesheim (Germany) where a modular course programme has been introduced which concentrates on less frequently learnt European languages, such as Dutch, Danish, Portuguese and Italian, putting into practice relevant results of research in the field of Contrastive Linguistics. The paper ends with a presentation of the outline of a Turkish reading course for German learners, raising the question to what extent experience gained by comparing and teaching Indo-European languages can be applied to fundamentally different languages like German and Turkish.
The contribution deals with a selected lexical field related to the emotion 'anger'. It is treated from a German-Czech perspective and with respect to its underlying psychological aspects. It begins by investigating the nature of lexical fields, and explains the framework of the chosen field in terms of its content and form. On this basis the author tries to find an answer to the question whether this particular field can in fact be considered to be a lexical field. In conclusion the paper discusses the question of whether psychological findings on emotions generally, and on the emotion of 'anger' in particular, can be of help in establishing both an outer delimitation and an internal structuring of the field.
Introduction
(2000)
The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well as 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' and 'beide'. In terms of morphology, it describes the formation of gender, number and case forms. In the field of syntax, it focuses on the position of totalizers in the nominal phrase, their relations to determiners and quantifiers, and the functional distribution of declension types. In terms of semantics and pragmatics, it investigates the codification of referential and quantificational information, definiteness and cumulative v distributive totalization. The epistemological interest is defined by the objectives of linguistic comparison between German and Brazilian Portuguese, including the analysis of typical errors committed by language learners in both directions.
This paper presents a definition of phraseology, and based on this definition it establishes the different types of phraseological units. Then it tries to characterize the idiomatic expression as a metaphoric expression within the scope of phraseologisms, and presents a morpho-syntactic classification of these idioms. The next step consists of a comparison between verbal idiomatic expressions in German and Brazilian Portuguese in order to establish a typology of equivalences between the two languages. It also compares same type of. restrictions which occur in idiomatic expressions of both languages, and emphasizes the importance of register in some of the expressions.
Bulas de medicamentos alemãs e brasileiras em contraste : alguns resultados da análise linguística
(2012)
Na presente pesquisa foi desenvolvido um estudo linguístico contrastivo de textos de bulas de medicamentos da Alemanha e do Brasil com o objetivo de verificar a existência de diferenças e semelhanças entre eles. Para isso, um total de 20 bulas foram comparadas em seus níveis macro e microestrutural, após uma investigação detalhada das principais características do gênero em questão. Ao final da análise contrastiva, foi confirmada a presença de convergências e divergências no gênero, tendo em vista o par linguístico adotado, e também identificadas algumas explicações para tal.
The distinction between COMPLEMENTS and ADJUNCTS has a long tradition in grammatical theory, and it is also included in some way or other in most current formal linguistic theories. But it is a highly vexed distinction, for several reasons, one of which is that no diagnostic criteria have emerged that will reliably distinguish adjuncts from complements in all cases – too many examples seem to "fall into the crack" between the two categories, no matter how theorists wrestle with them.
In this paper, I will argue that this empirical diagnostic "problem" is, in fact, precisely what we should expect to find in natural language, when a proper understanding of the adjunct/complement distinction is achieved: the key hypothesis is that a complete grammar should provide a DUAL ANALYSIS of every complement as an adjunct, and potentially, an analysis of any adjunct as a complement. What this means and why it is motivated by linguistic evidence will be discussed in detail.
In these conclusions we can deal only with some of the tentative comparative results of the workshop papers on the early development of verb morphology. The main focus is on criteria of how the child detects morphology and how this emerging morphological competence develops in its earliest phases. In view of the purpose and tentative character of these conclusions, all references will be limited to the papers of the workshop and to earlier studies by workshop participants within the "Crosslinguistic Project on Pre- and Protomorphology in Language Acquisition". Much more will be given in the projected final publication.