Refine
Document Type
- Article (3)
Language
- English (2)
- Portuguese (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3) (remove)
Keywords
- Cognitive linguistics (3) (remove)
Institute
- MPI für empirische Ästhetik (2)
- Psychologie (2)
- Neuere Philologien (1)
Switching between reading tasks leads to phase-transitions in reading times in L1 and L2 readers
(2019)
Reading research uses different tasks to investigate different levels of the reading process, such as word recognition, syntactic parsing, or semantic integration. It seems to be tacitly assumed that the underlying cognitive process that constitute reading are stable across those tasks. However, nothing is known about what happens when readers switch from one reading task to another. The stability assumptions of the reading process suggest that the cognitive system resolves this switching between two tasks quickly. Here, we present an alternative language-game hypothesis (LGH) of reading that begins by treating reading as a softly-assembled process and that assumes, instead of stability, context-sensitive flexibility of the reading process. LGH predicts that switching between two reading tasks leads to longer lasting phase-transition like patterns in the reading process. Using the nonlinear-dynamical tool of recurrence quantification analysis, we test these predictions by examining series of individual word reading times in self-paced reading tasks where native (L1) and second language readers (L2) transition between random word and ordered text reading tasks. We find consistent evidence for phase-transitions in the reading times when readers switch from ordered text to random-word reading, but we find mixed evidence when readers transition from random-word to ordered-text reading. In the latter case, L2 readers show moderately stronger signs for phase-transitions compared to L1 readers, suggesting that familiarity with a language influences whether and how such transitions occur. The results provide evidence for LGH and suggest that the cognitive processes underlying reading are not fully stable across tasks but exhibit soft-assembly in the interaction between task and reader characteristics.
Beauty is the single most frequently and most broadly used aesthetic virtue term. The present study aimed at providing higher conceptual resolution to the broader notion of beauty by comparing it with three closely related aesthetically evaluative concepts which are likewise lexicalized across many languages: elegance, grace(fulness), and sexiness. We administered a variety of questionnaires that targeted perceptual qualia, cognitive and affective evaluations, as well as specific object properties that are associated with beauty, elegance, grace, and sexiness in personal looks, movements, objects of design, and other domains. This allowed us to reveal distinct and highly nuanced profiles of how a beautiful, elegant, graceful, and sexy appearance is subjectively perceived. As aesthetics is all about nuances, the fine-grained conceptual analysis of the four target concepts of our study provides crucial distinctions for future research.
O modo como a mídia representa migrantes e refugiados desempenha um papel importante na percepção e recepção desse grupo em seu novo país (Ferreira/ Flister, 2019). Este estudo visa a problematizar o olhar da mídia online sobre imigração e refúgio no quadro de uma discussão sobre o tema a partir de uma perspectiva teórica da linguística cognitiva, por meio da análise de metáforas conceituais utilizadas por dois jornais online (um brasileiro e outro alemão) em torno da conceitualização do termo 'refúgio' ('Flucht' em alemão). Este estudo foi desenvolvido com apoio de metodologia da linguística de corpus. Nosso objetivo é contrastar os usos linguísticos em dois contextos culturais e pragmáticos distintos, i.e. a cultura brasileira e a cultura alemã respectivamente, por meio da análise de mapeamentos metafóricos sobre refúgio e imigração na mídia online através de enquadramentos metafóricos presentes nesses jornais. Algumas questões que pretendemos responder são: Que frames e que metáforas surgem na mídia online brasileira e alemã, a exemplo dos jornais online "Folha de São Paulo" (FSP), no Brasil, e o jornal online "Frankfurter Allgemeine Online" (FaZ) na Alemanha, para representar o conceito refúgio? Quais são suas implicações? Os resultados apontaram o uso de frames e metáforas do domínio experiencial DESASTRES/ FENÔMENOS NATURAIS com conotação negativa como 'ondas de imigração', 'avalanche imigratória', 'Flüchtlingsströme' ('correntes de refugiados') e 'Flüchtlingsbestie' ('monstro refugiado').