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Este artigo visa a expor as principais questões envolvidas no processo de tradução do alemão para o português do Brasil do livro "Opium für Ovid: Ein Kopfkissenbuch von 22 Frauen" ("Ópio para Ovídio: um Livro do Travesseiro de 22 mulheres"), de Yoko Tawada. Com vistas ao exercício de traduzir, este trabalho deve ser entendido como um estudo preliminar sobre a escritora e seu livro "Ópio para Ovídio", escrito em uma língua estrangeira. Num contexto de constante migração e, ao mesmo tempo, de negação do Outro e de xenofobia, entende-se como necessária a busca por uma experiência de alteridade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho persegue o deslocamento do olhar para uma perspectiva e uma língua estrangeiras, de modo que o texto traduzido propicie uma experiência com o 'fremd'.
This article approaches literary translation from a contact-linguistic perspective and views translation as a language contact situation in which the translator "moves" between the source and target language. The study touches upon the possible linguistic effects of the source text on the translated text and relates the translation-mediated cross-linguistic influence to other language-contact situations. The study investigates the use of Finnish passive in a corpus of literary texts consisting of Finnish translations from Estonian and German and comparable non-translated Finnish literary texts. The translated texts are compared with non-translated ones by using corpus-linguistic tools, and the results are related to a previous contact-linguistic study on the use of the Finnish passive in spoken interviews of Finnish migrants in Estonia. The main objective is to test methodological tools that could be used for this kind of comparative purposes.
In addition, the study approaches the question whether translation as a type of language contact affects the use of the Finnish passive in a similar way as an oral language contact situation. All in all, the study shows that there are some features that differentiate the investigated literary translations from non-translated Finnish texts but the evidence is not unambiguous. The article discusses the possible reasons for the mainly non-conclusive results of the analysis and points out factors that should be taken into account in future studies, such as the size of the sub-corpora and the possibly biased text or genre specific stylistic characteristics. The methodology clearly has to be adjusted and more in-depth methods developed in order to acquire a fuller picture of the Finnish passive in literary texts and to confirm what is author, translator, genre or source-language specific in the use of the Finnish passive.
This special issue of the International Journal of Literary Linguistics offers seven state-of-the-art contributions on the current linguistic study of literary translation. Although the articles are based on similar data – literary source texts and their translations – they focus on diverse aspects of literary translation, study a range of linguistic phenomena and utilize different methodologies. In other words, it is an important goal of this special issue to illuminate the current diversity of possible approaches in the linguistic study of translated literary texts within the discipline of translation studies. At the same time, new theoretical and empirical insights are opened to the study of the linguistic phenomena chosen by the authors of the articles and their representation or use in literary texts and translations. The analyzed features range from neologisms to the category of passive and from spoken language features to the representation of speech and multilingualism in writing. Therefore, the articles in this issue are not only relevant for the study of literary translation or translation theory in general, but also for the disciplines of linguistics and literary studies – or most importantly, for the cross-disciplinary co-operation between these three fields of study.
The common theme that all these articles share is how the translation process shapes, transfers and changes the linguistic properties of literary texts as compared to their sources texts, other translations or non-translated literary texts in the same language and how this question can be approached in research. All articles provide new information about the forces that direct and affect translators’ textual choices and the previously formulated hypotheses about the functioning of such forces. The articles illustrate how translators may perform differently from authors and how translators’ and authors’ norms may diverge at different times and in different cultures. The question of how translation affects the linguistic properties of literary translations is approached from the viewpoint of previously proposed claims or hypotheses about translation. In the following, we will introduce these viewpoints for readers who are not familiar with the recent developments in translation studies. At the same time, we will shortly present the articles in this issue.
This article is a linguistic study of David Bellos’ indirect translation of Ismail Kadare’s The File on H (1997), a novel first published in 1980-1981 in the Albanian literary review Nëntori, and translated into English on the basis of Jusuf Vrioni’s French version, Le Dossier H (1989). Also called "double", "mediated" or "second-hand", indirect translation is an understudied phenomenon, often criticised by scholars because of its greater distance to the original. Cay Dollerup (2000: 23), for example, argues that the grammatical structure of the mediating language (ML) obscures the distinctions made in the source language (SL), and that possible "mistakes" in the ML may be repeated in the target language (TL). Do fidelity and loyalty to the author become weakened in Bellos’ indirect translation? To what extent is such weakening discernible linguistically? And does this particular case of indirect translation reveal notable patterns or recurring types of linguistic shifts between ST and TT? Showing that some of the features specific to Kadare’s Albanian writing are tempered in the doubly-translated English text, yet highlighting that similar shifts occur in the three language directions involved, this article demonstrates that changes between ST and TT may occur in indirect translation regardless of the strategies adopted by MT – thus challenging the hypothesis that linguistic shifts in indirect translation follow a single or consistent pattern.
Die Übersetzung, insbesondere die literarische, ist vor allem eine Art Kulturübertragung. Neben der Beherrschung der Sprachen setzt sie die Kenntnis des Allgemeinen und Besonderen des Landes wie Kultur, Tradition, Glauben, geschichtliche und gesellschaftliche Begebenheiten und auch soziale Strukturen voraus. Wenn die Sprachen und Kulturen tiefgreifend wahrgenommen werden, können die übersetzten Texte die Adressaten erreichen, d.h., dass die Ausgangssprache und -kultur für die Zielrezipienten verständlich sein können. So wird der Übersetzer als Kulturträger angenommen. Cornelius Bischoff ist beispielsweise ein wohlbekannter Name für den deutschen und türkischen Literaturkreis. Er ist vor allem bekannt als "der deutscheste Türke und der türkischste Deutsche" sowie als eine Brücke zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, Cornelius Bischoff, einen Kulturträger zwischen der deutschen und türkischen Übersetzung, zu behandeln. Als ein "Haymatloser" fand er in der Türkei die Möglichkeit, die türkische Sprache und Kultur wesentlich kennenzulernen und viele türkische Werke ins Deutsche zu übersetzen. Als ein Übersetzer trug er zuallererst dazu bei, die türkische Literatur, die bedeutenden türkischen Schriftsteller, die türkische Kultur und Tradition sowie den türkischen Sprachgebrauch in Deutschland bekannt zu machen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Besonderheit Bischoffs in der Übersetzungswelt im Hinblick auf drei Aspekte diskutiert: zuerst im Hinblick auf den Zusammenhang seiner Wurzeln in der Türkei und im Türkischen - schon in seinen Wurzeln, besonders mütterlicherseits, wurde das Türkische verinnerlicht -, dann auf die in der Türkei verbrachten Jahre - die Jahre, in denen er "haymatlos" genannt wurde - und zuletzt auf die Wahrnehmung und Aneignung der türkischen Sprache, Kultur und Gesellschaft - was auf ihn lebenslang einwirkte. In diesem Kontext wird versucht, sein Leben, seine Werke und seine Wirkung im Rahmen der übersetzerischen Tätigkeit zu analysieren.