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Languages cross-linguistically differ with respect to whether they accept or ban True Negative Imperatives (TNIs). In this paper I show that this ban follows from three generally accepted assumptions: (i) the fact that the operator that encodes the illocutionary force of an imperative universally takes scope from C°; (ii) the fact that this operator may not be operated on by a negative operator and (iii) the Head Movement Constraint (an instance of Relativized Minimality). In my paper I argue that languages differ too with respect to both the syntactic status (head/phrasal) and the semantic value (negative/non-negative) of their negative markers. Given these difference across languages and the analysis of TNIs based on the three above mentioned assumptions, two typological generalisations can be predicted: (i) every language with an overt negative marker X° that is semantically negative bans TNIs; and (ii) every language that bans TNIs exhibits an overt negative marker X°. I demonstrate in my paper that both typological predictions are born out.
This work examines English echo questions (EQs) against the background of Rizzi's (1997) analysis of split CP. It argues that EQs do not behave as the split CP analysis predicts that they should, and that their behavior can instead be straightforwardly explained within the classic CP analysis. Further, what are termed here 'echo negations' of negative inversion constructions are shown not to parallel EQs, a surprising result if negative inversion architecture parallels question architecture, as claimed by split CP proponents. In general, classic CP architecture is more appropriate for analysing this range of phenomena.
Rezension zu Elke Hentschel, Negation und Interrogation. Studien zur Universalität ihrer Funktion. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag 1998 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 195, ix + 250 S., 112,00 DM, ISBN 3-484-31195-9)
This paper presents results of research into syntactic negation in both German and Brazilian Portuguese dialogues. After some considerations on the nature of negation, its occurrence in a corpus is investigated based on semantic negation categories established from works by Polenz and Engel. Based on Ilari's works, possible syntactic negation forms are presented as formulae that express the relationships between their components. Use frequency of syntactic negation in the semantic categories in each language is presented, as well as possible sources of interference in the use of such elements by foreign speakers, along with considerations about negation, culture and language.
Syntactic negation and particularly the position of the negative particle 'nicht' are challenging themes not only for learners of German as a foreign language, but also for teachers and researchers of the grammar of German. This paper gives an overview of recent studies related to negation in Modern German. In its main part, it presents results of empirical research on the relationship between syntax and prosody in the field of negation.
Den Unterschied zwischen Satz- und Satzgliednegation (auch Wortverneinung genannt) kann man erst befriedigend erklären, wenn die Auswirkungen der Emphase berücksichtigt werden, die sowohl in positiven als auch in negativen Sätzen zum Vorschein kommen. Ich werde die se Annahme mit Beispielsätzen zu illustrieren und zu rechtfertigen versuchen, ohne eine Formalisierung anzustreben.
Carlotta J. Hübener diskutiert in ihrem Beitrag "Nicht/keinen/kein Fußball spielen? - Inkorporationsprozesse in Substantiv-Verb-Verbindungen" Inkorporationprozesse bei Substantiv-Verb-Verbindungen wie bspw. Fußball spielen. Hierbei fokussiert sie auf die Negation: Während kein(en) Fußball spielen einen Hinweis darauf gibt, dass Fußball noch als eigenständiges Substantiv interpretiert wird, ist nicht Fußball spielen ein Indiz dafür, dass Fußball und spielen als eine konzeptionelle Einheit wahrgenommen werden. Kein negiert nämlich Nomen (Ich mag keinen Spinat), während nicht Verben negiert (Ich hab‘ noch nicht gegessen). Hübener überprüft in ihrem Beitrag anhand des Deutschen Referenzkorpus, inwiefern Frequenz, Idiomatik und Individuiertheit Einfluss auf die Negation von Substativ-Verb-Verbindungen nehmen können.
Words ending with the suffix -ost are very common in Czech business language. In German the corresponding words are words derived using different suffixes, created by implicit derivation without suffixes, or formed as compounds. These particularly involve words indicating share, frequency or intensity. Moreover, the Czech negation ne- is expressed in various ways in the German equivalents. There exists a wide variety of equivalents to Czech words derived with the suffix -ost, so it is advisable to familiarize students of translation courses with this fact. Students tend to create these words mostly by using the suffixes -heit or -keit.
Rezension zu Pierre V. Zima: La Négation esthétique. Le Sujet, Je beau et Je sublime de Mallarmé et Valéry a Adorno et Lyotard, Paris (L'Harmattan) 2002 (= Ouverture Philosophique). 268 Seiten.
In dem vorliegenden Band verfolgt Zima die Peripetien philosophischer, ästhetischer und literarischer Negation der sozialen Ordnung in den Werken Mallarmés, Valérys, Adornos und Lyotards, unter der Vorgabe der Peripetien der Subjektivität.
O eixo temático desta investigação trata de compreender que a obra de arte corporifica na sua forma interna uma autonomia relativa com relação à realidade empírica sobre a qual se torna reflexão crítica. Ao se caracterizar como mediação com a realidade social que a produziu, a arte é por isso mesmo a sua negação. É esse princípio de negação determinada, em que se condensam na obra de arte as antinomias e os antagonismos como antíteses da sociedade enquanto problema de sua forma interna, o elemento ao qual Theodor W. Adorno atribui dimensão epistemológica. Nessa categoria do conhecimento assim concebida, pela perspectiva estética, a razão instrumental como práxis brutal da sobrevivência é concretamente questionada na sua forma restritiva de conhecimento.