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Background: Teachers often face high job demands that might elicit strong stress responses. This can increase risks of adverse strain outcomes such as mental and physical health impairment. Psychological detachment has been suggested as a recovery experience that counteracts the stressor-strain relationship. However, psychological detachment is often difficult when job demands are high. The aims of this study were, first, to gain information on the prevalence of difficulties detaching from work among German teachers, second, to identify potential person-related/individual (i.e., age, sex), occupational (e.g., tenure, leadership position), and work-related (e.g., overload, cognitive, emotional, and physical demands) risk factors and, third, to examine relationships with mental and physical health impairment and sickness absence.
Methods: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a national and representative survey of German employees was conducted (BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2018). For the analyses data from two groups of teachers (primary/secondary school teachers: n = 901, other teachers: n = 641) were used and compared with prevalence estimates of employees from other occupations (n = 16,266).
Results: Primary/secondary school teachers (41.5%) and other teachers (30.3%) reported more difficulties detaching from work than employees from other occupations (21.3%). Emotional demands and deadline/performance pressure were the most severe risk factors in both groups of teachers. In the group of primary/secondary school teachers multitasking demands were further risk factors for difficulties to detach from work whereas support from colleagues reduced risks. In both groups of teachers detachment difficulties can be linked to an increase in psychosomatic and musculoskeletal complaints and, additionally, to a higher risk of sickness absence among primary/secondary school teachers.
Conclusions: Difficulties detaching from work are highly prevalent among German teachers. In order to protect them from related risks of health impairment, interventions are needed which aim at optimizing job demands and contextual resources (i.e., work-directed approaches) or at improving coping strategies (i.e., person-directed approaches).
Este artigo pretende discutir a teoria do reconhecimento de Axel Honneth e suas mudanças ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Para isto, serão analisados a fundamentação de sua teoria e os desdobramentos que Honneth deu ao modelo original apresentado em 1992 no livro Luta por reconhecimento. Estes desdobramentos, que nos últimos anos levaram-no a reflexões sobre o conceito de reificação e a sociologia do trabalho serão apresentados aqui e submetidos ao processo de crítica a partir dos objetivos da própria teoria do reconhecimento a fim de neles buscar alternativas frutíferas para o desenvolvimento desta teoria.
O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o tema do trabalho e do reconhecimento no pensamento de Axel Honneth (1949-), filósofo e sociólogo alemão da terceira geração da Escola de Frankfurt. O conceito de trabalho é um dos temas centrais da teoria crítica. Por meio do trabalho, o trabalhador encontra a sua sobrevivência e sua satisfação. É nele que o reconhecimento expressa uma identidade moral no contexto do mercado capitalista. Sem falar ainda que a atividade laboral expressa a subjetividade humana através da ação criativa. Diante desse contexto, a presente exposição pretende percorrer os passos argumentativos de Honneth acerca da relação reconhecimento e trabalho. Tal relação ajuda-nos a compreender a relevância deste autor na filosofia política contemporânea.
Der Beitrag erkundet die besondere Zeitlichkeit der Psychoanalyse ausgehend von Muße und Müßiggang, Konzepten, die in Nietzsches "Fröhlicher Wissenschaft" eine wichtige Rolle spielen, in Freuds Werk, in dem bekanntlich zahlreiche Arbeitsbegriffe dominieren, jedoch kaum vorkommen. Dennoch lässt sich im Briefwechsel zwischen Freud und Arnold Zweig eine wichtige Spur des Müßiggangs für Freuds eigenes Schreiben aufzeigen. Freud spricht in einer signifikanten Passage, in der es um die existenzielle Bedrohung durch den Nationalsozialismus geht, von einem "Überschuss an Muße". Aus dieser Suspension heraus entsteht sein letztes großes Schreibprojekt: "Der Mann Moses". Muße erweist sich zunehmend als ein Begriff, in dem sich eine andere Zeitlichkeit eröffnet, die etwas mit der Arbeit des Unbewussten in der Psychoanalyse zu tun hat. Der Beitrag schließt, indem die Autorin ihre persönliche Erfahrung dieser anderen Zeitlichkeit schildert. Dabei gerät der Warteraum des Psychoanalytikers als Schwellenraum zwischen der alltäglichen Arbeit und der Arbeit in der Psychoanalyse in den Blick.
From opening books to read them, through the continuous effort at opening one's heart to God, to the eventual disclosure of God's mysteries to human beings, Augustine seems to trace an implicit conceptualization of openness in his "Confessions". The words of Matthew 7. 7–8 underlie Augustine's engagement with openness up to the very last sentence of the book, which ends with a sequence of verbs in the passive voice that culminates with the desired manifestation of the divine. The entire endeavour of opening oneself up undertaken in the "Confessions" aims at this final passive openness, which is (always) yet to come as much as human opera are (always) yet to come to completion.