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North-western Africa has a large Andrena fauna, but parts of the country away from coastal areas remain poorly studied, and confusion persists as to the identity of certain taxa due to the long history of study combined with imperfectly examined type material. New fieldwork, genetic barcoding, and study of museum material has substantially improved our understanding of this region. Eleven new species are described: A. (Aciandrena) bendai sp. nov., A. (Aciandrena) ifranensis sp. nov., A. (Euandrena) berberica sp. nov., A. (Hoplandrena) darha sp. nov., A. (Micrandrena) anammas sp. nov., A. (Micrandrena) gemina sp. nov., A. (Micrandrena) tinctoria sp. nov., and A. (incertae sedis) muelleri sp. nov., all from Morocco, and A. (Aciandrena) quieta sp. nov., A. (Euandrena) abscondita sp. nov., and A. (Taeniandrena) prazi sp. nov. from Morocco and Tunisia. Andrena (Aciandrena) nitidilabris Pérez, 1895 was misdiagnosed, and is actually the senior synonym of A. (Graecandrena) montarca parva Warncke, 1974 syn. nov. Andrena (Aciandrena) pisantyi sp. nov. is described from Algeria, Tunisia, and Israel, conforming to A. nitidilabris auctorum sensu Warncke. Andrena (Graecandrena) andina Warncke, 1974 stat. nov. and A. (Micrandrena) heliaca Warncke, 1974 stat. nov. are elevated from sub species to species status. Lectotypes are designated for A. (Melanapis) ephippium Spinola, 1838,
A. (Melanapis) rutila Spinola, 1838, A. (Simandrena) rhypara Pérez, 1903, and A. (Suandrena) savignyi Spinola, 1838. Neotypes are designated for A. (Melandrena) soror Dours, 1872 and A. (Notandrena) nigroviridula Dours, 1873. The female of A. (Aciandrena) triangulivalvis Wood, 2020 is described. The following seven additional synonymies are reported (senior name first): A. (Chrysandrena) testaceipes Saunders, 1908 = A. (Chrysandrena) rubricorpora Wood, 2021 syn. nov., A. (incertae sedis) maidaqi Scheuchl & Gusenleitner, 2007 = A. (Carandrena) hoggara Wood, 2021 syn. nov., A. (Lepidandrena) tuberculifera Pérez, 1895 = A. (Poecilandrena) nigriclypeus Wood, 2020 syn. nov., A. (Notandrena) albohirta Saunders, 1908 = A. (Notandrena) eddaensis Gusenleitner, 1998 syn. nov., A. (Notandrena) microthorax Pérez, 1895 = A. (Notandrena) nigrocyanea Saunders, 1908 syn. nov., A. (Simandrena) rhypara = A. (Simandrena) palumba Warncke, 1974 syn. nov., and A. (Taeniandrena) poupillieri Dours, 1872 = A. (Taeniandrena) lecerfi Benoist, 1961 syn. nov. Andrena (Notandrena) viridiaenea Pérez, 1903 is returned to synonymy with A. nigroviridula. Relative to the 2020 baseline, 16 Andrena species are newly recorded for Morocco, and six species are removed from the faunal list. These revisions bring the total number of Andrena species known from Morocco to 202 with 25 endemic species, making it one of the hotspots for Andrena diversity globally.
A taxonomic revision of the oil-collecting bees of the subgenus Epicharis (Epicharitides) Moure, 1945 is provided. A total of nine species were recognized: E. cockerelli Friese, 1900; E. duckei Friese, 1901; E. iheringi Friese, 1899; E. luteocincta Moure & Seabra, 1959; E. minima (Friese, 1904); E. obscura Friese, 1899, and E. rufescens Moure & Seabra, 1959, along with E. mesoamericana sp. nov. and E. lia sp. nov., two new species from the Central American and Amazonian provinces, respectively. Redescriptions, diagnoses, and figures of specimens of both sexes, floral records, distribution maps, an identification key, and an updated catalogue of all species of the group are also provided. In addition, the lectotype of E. duckei was also designated to stabilize the application of the name.
Iran is a huge but understudied Middle Eastern country with a rich but chronically understudied bee fauna, including for the highly-speciose bee genus Andrena. Examination of unidentified museum material combined with recent field collections and a critical review of the literature has revealed a total of 197 species of Andrena in the Iranian fauna, of which 65 are newly reported for the country, with an additional 16 species new for science. Andrena (Aciandrena) deminuta Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) boustaniae Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) oblata sp. nov., Andrena (Euandrena) sani sp. nov., Andrena (Micrandrena) elam Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Micrandrena) subviridula Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Notandrena) idigna Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Planiandrena) flagrans Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Planiandrena) sella Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Ulandrena) bulbosa Wood sp. nov., Andrena (incertae sedis) hosseiniiae Wood & Monfared sp. nov., and Andrena (incertae sedis) rostamiae sp. nov. are described from Iran, Andrena (Micrandrena) extenuata sp. nov. is described from Iran and Syria, Andrena (Micrandrena) tabula Wood sp. nov. and Andrena (Micrandrena) obsidiana Wood sp. nov. are described from Iran and Turkey, and Andrena (Planiandrena) huma sp. nov. is described from Iran, Syria, and the Golan Heights. Eight taxa are synonymised (valid name first): Andrena (Melandrena) assimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 = Andrena (Melandrena) gallica Schmiedeknecht, 1883 syn. nov.; Andrena (Notandrena) emesiana Pérez, 1911 stat. resurr. = Andrena (Notandrena) recurvirostra Warncke, 1975 syn. nov.; Andrena (Plastandrena) eversmanni Radoszkowski, 1867 = Andrena (Plastandrena) peshinica Nurse, 1904 syn. nov.; Andrena (incertae sedis) hieroglyphica Morawitz, 1876 = Andrena (Carandrena) cara Nurse, 1904 syn. nov. and Andrena (Carandrena) halictoides Nurse, 1904 syn. nov.; Andrena (Melandrena) induta Morawitz, 1894 = Andrena (Melandrena) patella Nurse, 1903 syn. nov.; Andrena (incertae sedis) minor Warncke, 1975 stat. nov. = Andrena (Carandrena) splendula Osytshnjuk, 1984 syn. nov.; Andrena (Notandrena) zostera Warncke, 1975 = Andrena (Carandrena) subsmaragdina Osytshnjuk, 1984 syn. nov. Overall, these results considerably improve our understanding of the Iranian Andrena fauna, and suggest that overall bee diversity in this country is substantially more than 1000 species.
Die Grabwespen (Sphecidae sensu Bohart & Menke 1976; Sphecidae sensu lato in neueren, phylogenetischen Arbeiten), zu denen nach Day (1984) und späteren Autoren auch die Heterogynaidae zählen, umfassen derzeit 266 Gattungen mit 9559 beschriebene Arten (Pulawski 2006). Zusammen mit den Bienen (= Apiformes nach Michener 2000, bzw. Anthophila nach Engel 2005) bilden die Grabwespen ein gut begründetes Monophylum, das nach Michener (1986) den Namen Apoidea trägt und eine der drei Hauptlinien innerhalb der aculeaten Hymenoptera ist. Die Monophylie der aculeaten Hymenoptera, der Apoidea sowie die der Bienen ist jeweils gut begründet (z.B. Brothers 1975, Königsmann 1978, Lomholdt 1982, Alexander 1992, Brothers & Carpenter 1993). Anders verhält es sich mit den Grabwespen. Neben der phylogenetischen Untersuchung von Brothers & (1993), die die Monophylie der Grabwespen unterstützt, haben andere morphologische als auch molekularsystematische Analysen starken Zweifel an dieser Hypothese aufkommen lassen (z.B. Königsmann 1978, Lomholdt 1982, Alexander 1992, Prentice 1998, Melo 1999, Ohl & Bleidorn 2006).
Lasioglossum is a large genus of halictid bees with high species diversity in morphologically rather cryptic species groups. With more than 1900 described species, the taxonomy of the genus is complex and largely unresolved in many regions. For practical reasons, systematic reviews are restricted in scope either geographically or to particular species groups. In this study we focus on the subgenus Dialictus of the genus Lasioglossum from the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. In previous studies we identified members of the genus as important pollinators of cash crops in the region, and genetic analyses suggested the existence of seven molecular taxonomic units (mOTU). Based on additional morphological differences, we here describe these mOTUs as novel species, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) yucatanense Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) paxtoni Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) ameshoferi Landaverde-González sp. nov., L. (D.) aureoviride Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., L. (D.) paralepidii Gardner sp. nov., L. (D.) milpa Landaverde-González sp. nov. and L. (D.) nanotegula Landaverde-González & Husemann sp. nov., and provide keys and images to assist in their identification.
Mittelasien (Kasachstan, Kirgistan, Tadschikistan, Turkmenistan, Usbekistan) ist neben dem Mediterranraum das bedeutendste paläarkische Bienen-Diversitätszentrum (MICHENER 1979). POPOV (1957) schätzt für den Raum 1.200 Arten aus 70 Gattungen, die Gesamtzahl dürfte jedoch bei über 2.000 Arten liegen. Über die innere biogeographische Gliederung der Region und die Lage von Endemiezentren ist bei den Bienen jedoch kaum etwas bekannt (POPOV 1958, MARIKOVSKAYA 1999). Am Beispiel der Seidenbienengattung Colletes, die hier aufgrund ihres Artenreichtums sowie des breiten Spektrums besiedelter Lebensraumtypen und Klimagebiete repräsentativ für andere Bienengruppen behandelt wird, werden Verbreitungsbilder analysiert und Endemiezentren identifiziert. Faunistisches und biogeographisches Arbeiten in Mittelasien ist bis heute ein aufwändiges Unternehmen. Die Größe des Raumes – mit 4 Mio. km² fast halb so groß wie Europa –, die in vielen Regionen unterentwickelte Infrastruktur sowie die in vergangenen und gegenwärtigen bürokratischen Hemmnissen begründete schwierige Zugänglichkeit vieler Gebiete ist ursächlich für den unzureichenden Bearbeitungsstand vieler Taxa. Durch uneinheitliche Transliteration, Schreibfehler bei der Etikettierung und Umbenennung von Orten ist die Identifikation von Fundorten häufig schwierig und in einigen Fällen selbst unter Zuhilfenahme historischen Kartenmaterials unmöglich. Die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit lokalfaunistischer Literatur in deutschen Bibliotheken und die Sprachbarriere bei der Nutzung kyrillisch geschriebener Arbeiten sind ein weiteres Hindernis. Aufgrund dieser Schwierigkeiten und dem daraus resultierenden niedrigen Erfassungsgrad in weiten Teilen Mittelasien haben die hier vorgelegten Ergebnisse vorläufigen Charakter.
The Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex, also known as the L. tegulare species group and the L. parvum species complex, is a very common, widespread, diverse, and recognisable lineage of sweat bees, containing 22 previously described species and several known undescribed species. The species were recently revised for the eastern Nearctic region and the Greater Antilles, but remain poorly known in the western Nearctic along with most other L. (Dialictus). These characteristics make it a prime candidate for revision in ongoing taxonomic work on the western Nearctic L. (Dialictus). Here we present the results of this revision, including 10 new species descriptions, one new synonymy, a preliminary phylogeny, and keys to known Nearctic species. Species of the eastern Nearctic and a few primarily Neotropical species which can occur in the Nearctic are also included. We report that the L. (D.) gemmatum species complex is likely a monophyletic group arising from the L. (D.) comulum group, but that the enlarged tegula has arisen independently in at least two other L. (Dialictus) lineages, and it contains multiple cases of allopatric speciation. The following species are described as new: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) angelicum sp. nov., L. (D.) deludens sp. nov., L. (D.) diabolicum sp. nov., L. (D.) eremum sp. nov., L. (D.) gloriosum sp. nov., L. (D.) indagator sp. nov., L. (D.) holzenthali sp. nov., L. (D.) magnitegula sp. nov., L. (D.) profundum sp. nov., and L. (D.) rufodeludens sp. nov. Previously undescribed males of L. (D.) perparvum (Ellis, 1914) and L. (D.) pseudotegulare (Cockerell, 1896) and the female of L. (D.) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924) are diagnosed and figured for the first time. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) hunteri (Crawford, 1932) is a new subjective junior synonym of L. (D.) ellisiae (Sandhouse, 1924). Pre-2022 specimen records of L. (D.) hunteri and L. (D.) tegulariforme (Crawford, 1907) are attributable to a heterogeneous mix of species, and records of L. (D.) perparvum are likely attributable to L. (D.) deludens.