Refine
Document Type
- Part of a Book (3) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Keywords
- Zivilisation (3) (remove)
Institute
In this paper we propose a sociological concept of innovation capable of transcending the limitations faced by the approaches of common theories of action. The concept was formulated by Ulrich Oevermann and is based upon Max Weber’s theory of charismatic authority. We apply this concept to archaeological data, using the example of Neolithic copper metallurgy in central Europe, and discuss the importance of analyzing innovations that failed to materialize even though they might have been "in the air" at the time. The concept sketched here enables the scientific study of such a phenomenon.
The notion of the barbarian has been crucial in the development of the intellectual shifts spurred on by thinkers who shaped the culture of the Enlightenment. Asking what a barbarian might be had quite different meanings in the early 16th and in the late 18th century. An anthropological approach to the very different populations that had come to be known in Europe since the 16th century as well as the secularization of the historical vision contributed to the emergence of a more objectified connotation of barbarism. Among others, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Gibbon, Voltaire, d’Holbach commented extensively on barbarism as characterizing different stages in human civilization. Volney (Constantin-François de Chassebeuf, 1757-1820), who travelled to Egypt and Syria in the early 1780s, was familiar with the French works of the Enlightenment and applied their concepts of barbarism to the observation of the different Muslim populations he encountered. Later, after experiencing the turmoil of the French Revolution, he became interested in the United States. During his stay in America from 1795 to 1798, he investigated the American Indians who represented a different form of barbarism. Volney stands out as a thinker who knew the classics of the Enlightenment and who creatively compared theoretical speculations with his first-hand empirical observations.
Im Folgenden möchte ich Aspekte der Dynamik des Überlebensbegriffs anhand der Untersuchung einiger kultureller Stränge verfolgen, die sich in der westdeutschen Survival-Bewegung der 1980er Jahre kreuzen. Da es keine umfassende Darstellung und auch keine akademische Literatur zum Thema gibt, möchte ich vor allem einen ersten Versuch der Eingrenzung und Lesart der Survival-Bewegung vorschlagen und untersuchen, welcher Überlebensbegriff hier zum Tragen kommt.