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This paper analyses the idea of the avant-garde in Benjamin and its reception in German literary criticism after World War II. It examines the works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger, who focus on the concept of avantgarde. This perspective allows us to broaden our reflection on German literary history since the end of World War II, and this contributes to the discussion on Postmodernism. The elaboration of the concept of allegory gives this discussion a clearer direction. Benjamin's key-notion of profane illumination was not received in a theoretical-philological way – but it materialized as experience in the students' revolt at the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s.
Ziel der russischen Avantgarde ist eine Erneuerung und "Wiederbelebung" der im Panzer der Vernunftgläubigkeit erstarrten modernen Gesellschaften, die über einen radikalen Bruch mit der konventionellen Sprache erfolgen soll. Sprache und damit auch Leben sollen wieder als Selbstzweck erfahrbar werden. Dabei geht es bei der kühnen Zerschlagung jedweder Regeln von Lexik und Grammatik nicht einfach um das Ausleben schrankenloser künstlerischer Freiheit und Kreativität. Hinter dem Drang zu Innovation und Provokation steht ein seltsam kontrastierendes Anliegen: der Traum von der Rückkehr zu einer "Ursemiotik", einer Ursprache, die einst alle Menschen verband und in der Zeichen und Ding, menschliches Bewusstsein und Welt noch ungeschieden waren. Für diese Rückkehr ins Ursprünglich-Universelle erachtet Velimir Chlebnikov, dessen Werk hier vor allem untersucht wird, die russische Sprache als geeigneter als die Sprachen der fortgeschrittenen westlichen Zivilisationen, die sich in seinen Augen zu weit vom Ursprung entfernt haben. Nicht zufällig sucht Chlebnikov für seine Konzeption der Ursprache seine "Bündnispartner" in den orientalischen Sprachen, nicht in den westlichen. Diese Suche wird im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand zahlreicher Beispiele nachvollzogen.
This article parts from an interdisciplinary point of view. Its main interest lies in the rich and complex interaction between the literary text and the image. These relations are understood as a “reciprocal illumination between the arts”, according to a publication of Oskar Walzel (Berlin, 1917). It will first investigate two historical landmarks in relation to literature and the image: first, the social differentiation around 1800 and its imposition of a purely textual literature and second, the avant-garde with its intense interaction between the various forms of artistic communication. The paper will then approach two contemporary examples of novels which combine visual and textual material.
This article conceives the avant-garde as a form of art that emerges out of the experience with technical progress, city life and new patterns of perception and that succeeded in transforming multiple perspective and simultaneity of urban life into a central principle for their production. Analyzed are the European avant-gardes as well as their influences on Brazilian literature and painting in the 20s. Furthermore we take a look at concrete poetry of the 50's as a literary pendant to architectonic concepts of cities like São Paulo and Brasília.
In the present context of the triumph of capitalism over real socialism, this article points out that, despite their ideological differences, both systems are bound to the same conception of history-as-progress. In contrast, it recalls Walter Benjamin's philosophy of history, marked by the critique of progress in the name of a revolutionary time, which interrupts history's chronological continuum. Benjamin's perspective is used to study the conflict of temporalities among the Soviet artists in the two decades after the October Revolution: on the one hand, the anarchic, autonomous and critical time of interruption – which is the time of avant-gade –, on the other hand, the synchronization with the ideas of a progressive time as ordered by the Communist Patty; this is the time of vanguard, whose capitalist Counterpart is fashion.