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Aspectos românticos, naturalistas e simbolistas em "A mulher sem sombra" de Hugo von Hofmannsthal
(2000)
'Die Frau ohne Schatten' ('The Woman without Shadow') by the Austrian author Hugo von Hofmannsthal, is a kind of fairy tale in which a large and complex web of symbols is woven around an abstract landscape and characters of an enigmatic nature. Despite its intangible atmosphere reminiscent of the Romantic era, a rather Naturalistic world is revealed as the narrator leads us through a huge city and follows the poor people in their lives of misery and suffering. This paper analyses this hybrid character of Hofmannsthal's text and identifies the various aesthetic traits present in it.
At the end of the 18th century, German literature boasted a wide range of exemplary translations, especially from ancient literatures. When, a few decades later, translation theory began to flourish in Germany, translations like J.H. Voß’s “foreignizing” versions of Homer’s epic poems were considered as examples to be followed. Although today’s dominant translation theories – as, for instance, skopos theory – tend to advocate “domesticating” procedures, most translators of literary texts cling to the tradition established by (pre-) romantic German translators and philosophers like Voß or Schleiermacher, thus obviously meeting the expectations of the German reader.
Kontingenz-Erfahrung in der Romantik : Ausdrucksbegehren und Zensur bei Karoline von Günderrode
(2000)
This article provides an overview of the life and work of Karoline von Günderrode (1780-1806) in the German Romantic period. Karoline von Günderrode is one of the most radical modern writers of her time as she expresses the experience of contingency, the signature of a modern age. The article also examines aspects of gendered censorship in her work, especially in her dramas. To understand the phenomenon, it is necessary to view censorship both from the outside and from within. Eighteenth-century drama and theatre were taboo fields for women. Günderrode reacted with a three-fold self-censorship: in her form of expression, in her choice ti write under two pseudonyms (Tian and Ion), and in her decision to leave a number of dramas unfinished. Karoline von Günderrode commited suicide at the age of 26, and it is possible to read even her suicide as an act of censorship in the context of the experience of contingency in the Romantic Period.
Glücksschuh und goldne Waage : Eduard Mörikes artistische Balance zwischen Klassik und Moderne
(2002)
This talk analyses the poems and narrative text of Eduard Mörike, who wrote in the period of Romanticism and Realism, emphasizing the considerable sensitivity necessary to describe realistic details, which can be seen in his highly artistic writings. Mörike is nor an epigone writer, but has a very individual style to represent the experience of perceiving and losing sensual objects. The article also demonstrates the potential of hermeneutic procedures following the spirit of Adorno, rejecting the tendencies to transform literary criticism into a cultural science as is done by Kittler.
A seguir, procuraremos identificar na obra "Die Lehrlinge zu Saïs", de Novalis, um dos autores mais significativos do assim chamado Primeiro Romantismo Alemão, os pressupostos de uma teoria da linguagem que se sustenta no Idealismo Alemão. O problema se delineia à medida que, para Novalis, contemporâneo do estabelecimento das bases da lingüística moderna, e, ele próprio, estudioso de filologia, observar-se-ia no fenômeno da linguagem uma possível relação entre espírito e mundo, o que, por sua vez, se opõe ao conceito hoje clássico da arbitrariedade do signo. Considerada pela crítica como um fragmento de romance, a narrativa de Novalis em questão apresenta um elenco bastante rico no que se refere aos pressupostos de uma possível teoria da linguagem de caráter simbólico-poético e messiânico. Assim sendo, a abordagem a "Os Discípulos em Saïs" terá como perspectiva a possível identificação, no texto literário, de características desta filosofia ou teoria romântica da linguagem.
Para além da influência geral de Rousseau na constituição do ideário estético do Romantismo, as relações mais diretas que o ligam ao grande romântico alemão E. T. A. Hoffmann são merecedoras de um estudo detalhado. Um tal estudo deveria confrontar não só as obras, mas as próprias vidas, já que são notáveis os paralelos biográficos entre os dois autores. Neste trabalho limito-me a examinar um único texto de Hoffmann, o conto de fadas "Das fremde Kind", buscando mostrar que os ecos rousseaunianos nessa obra são bem mais profundos do que uma mera re-elaboração do desgastado e superficial clichê do "bom selvagem".
Novalis is perhaps the most expressive poet of German Early Romanticism. His ideas, mainly in form of fragments, were strongly based upon Fichte’s theory of magic idealism and are substantial part of his literary work, which presents a mixture of genres such as poetry, rhetoric, philosophical and religious themes and even social aspects. This article will introduce some of Novalis’ personal aspects with the intent of briefly introducing two of his main issues: the concept of Fragment, as exploited in ‘Die Lehrlinge zu Saï’s, and his ideal of a poetic, self referent language.