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Als Stanisław Lem am 27. März 2006 im Alter von 85 Jahren in Krakau starb, schien sein Stern bereits im Sinken zu sein. Seine Bücher hatten Millionenauflagen erzielt und er war neben Ryszard Kapuściński der weltweit erfolgreichste polnische Autor, mit Übersetzungen in mehr als 40 Sprachen. Aber angesichts des Zusammenbruchs des Realsozialismus, einer krisenhaften neuen Weltordnung sowie der sich abzeichnenden Klimakatastrophe wirkten seine Spekulationen über die fantastischen Irrungen der Menschheit seltsam anachronistisch. [..] Die unzähligen Veranstaltungen, Publikationen und Projekte zu seinem 100. Geburtstag am 12. September dieses Jahres wollen seinen Stern noch einmal zum Strahlen bringen. [...] Abseits aller tagespolitischen Konflikte und globalen Krisen bietet das Jubiläum Anlass, noch einmal grundsätzlich über das Verhältnis von Mensch und Maschine, Geist und Materie, Wissenschaft und Kultur, Technologie und Gesellschaft, Zufall und Fortschritt nachzudenken.
It has been mostly forgotten today that Varlam Shalamov had once identified himself as a passionate supporter of the so-called 'nauchno-khudozhestvennaia literatura'. This term is derived from the Russian term for fiction ('khudozhestvennaia literatura') and can be translated as "scientific-fictional literature" but also as "scientific-artistic literature." Hence all of the advocates of the term, including Shalamov, emphatically insisted not only on the "fictionality" ('khudozhestvennost' '), but also on the "skill" or "art" ('iskusstvo') - the "artistic" qualities - as a fundamental element of the new genre, without which its goals could not be achieved. [...] But what kind of genre was this sort of literature, now mostly forgotten, for which Shalamov had so much hope? To answer this question, Matthias Schwartz reconstrucs the conditions in the late 1920s and early 1930s that motivated Maxim Gorky and the then famous children's book author Samuil Marshak, on the eve of the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, to launch this compound adjective, 'nauchno-khudozhestvennaia literatura', and to create a new type of literature located at the intersection of literary fiction and science journalism. In highlighting the main arguments around this literature, Schwartz elaborates how difficult and disputed its constitution was in the course of the gradual establishment of Socialist Realism as the singular aesthetic doctrine for literary production and why it did not succeed in establishing itself as a separate literary genre until the postwar period. In the last section Schwartz analyzes the characteristics of one of the most emblematic works written in this literary field before briefly returning to a more generalizing conclusion and taking a look at the modest afterlife of the genre since the Thaw period.
Dietmar Dath steht als Autor deutschsprachiger Science Fiction Literatur spätestens seit der Aufnahme von Die Abschaffung der Arten auf die Shortlist des Deutschen Buchpreises 2008 im Fokus der germanistischen Forschung. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich einer wiederkehrenden Korrelation in Daths Erzählwerk: Der zwischen einer unzuverlässigen Erzählweise und der Thematisierung von Körpern und Identitäten, die einen Transformationsprozess durchlaufen oder durchlaufen haben. In Daths Romanen schaffen diese Identitäten sowohl fiktionsintern als auch für den Rezipienten immer wieder Irritationsmomente. Das vorliegende Sonderheft versammelt eine Reihe von Überlegungen, die Unschärfe bzw. Irritation als typische Kennzeichen von Metamorphosen und Übergangsphänomenen beschreiben. Diesen Ansatz soll der Beitrag weiterverfolgen und im Zuge einer Analyse von Daths Erzählungen "Pulsarnacht" (2012) und "Feldeváye. Roman der letzten Künste" (2014) auf die aktuelle Debatte über technologische Eingriffe bzw. Manipulationen des humanen Körpers beziehen.
Liza B. Bauer looks at science fiction or speculative fiction writing - the literary genre par excellence for exploring alternative models of human-nonhuman coexistence. In her article "Reading to Stretch the Imagination: Exploring Representations of 'Livestock' in Literary Thought Experiments," she dissects processes of reciprocal negotiation between human and nonhuman beings in texts such as Sue Burke's "Semiosis" and Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake" and "The Year of the Flood." Following Brian McHale's and Donna Haraway's credo that highly unlikely worlds encourage readers to critically reflect on current realities, Bauer addresses the following questions: What if chickens, cows, or pigs had the chance to exist for their own ends? What would happen if they could communicate in human language? Or if they were of superior intelligence? Would they subdue humankind, domesticate their co-inhabitants, or coexist harmoniously? By enacting these scenarios in literary storyworlds, SF proves to be particularly fertile ground, yielding insights into the current and future challenges of coexistence. As Bauer convincingly outlines, immersing ourselves in (science) fictional worlds to practice multispecies living does not seem too far removed from reality. The redistribution of animal agency shows that the passivity to which most livestock animals are condemned is not irrevocable. The well-being of both human and nonhuman animals will depend on whether it is possible to theoretically and practically broaden students' understanding of these entanglements. Since alternatives to animal commodification are thinkable in experimental SF storyworlds, they could constitute, Bauer argues, a significant step toward abolishing animal exploitation.