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Eine Gesamtdarstellung der Geschichte der Adventivfloristik fehlt bislang, abgesehen von einigen Ansätzen in diese Richtung, und ebenso fehlen eine Übersicht der Botaniker, die diese Teildisziplin geprägt oder mitgestaltet haben und eine umfassende Bibliographie zur Adventivfloristik. Um dem Ziel einer geschichtlichen Übersicht näher zu kommen, wird die Erstellung einer Sammlung von Bio-Bibliographien der Pioniere der Adventivfloristik vorgeschlagen. Das Vorhaben soll zumindest in der Anfangsphase auf Personen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum und auf deren Wirken bis etwa 1950 beschränkt sein. Zur Demonstration, wie diese Sammlung aussehen kann, werden im vorliegenden Beitrag beispielhaft Entwürfe für Bio-Bibliographien von fünf Botanikern vorgestellt; behandelt werden Detlef Nikolaus Christiansen, Hans Peter Joachim Höppner, Wilhelm Kreh, Max Militzer und Richard Scheuermann. Im Fall von Militzer wird auch auf unpublizierte Daten verwiesen, die hier auszugsweise reproduziert werden. Interessierte Botaniker werden zur Mitarbeit an dem Vorhaben aufgerufen, um eine Grundlage für eine umfassende adventivfloristischen Geschichtsschreibung zu schaffen.
Ein Vorkommen der nordamerikanischen Adventivart Heterotheca camporum (Asteraceae) wurde im November 2014 in Frankfurt am Main entdeckt. Die Population auf einer städtischen Brachfläche bestand aus mehr als 60 Exemplaren und hatte reichlich Samen gebildet. Die Art und Weise der Einschleppung sowie die taxonomische Identität werden diskutiert. Die Pflanzen sind der var. glandulissima zuzuordnen. Vermutlich geht das Vorkommen auf eine Verwilderung aus Kultur zurück.
The influence of the Eastern migration route on the Slovak flora – a comparison after 40 years
(2017)
Transport is an important source of introduction and spread of alien plants into new areas and countries. This study provides comprehensive research of selected railway localities in South-Eastern Slovakia to determine the influence of the Eastern Migration Route on the Slovak flora. Railway transshipment yards in Čierna nad Tisou, Dobrá, Velké Kapušany and Matovce were studied from 1964 to 2013; with historic data sampled 1964–1998 and recent data sampled 2012–2013. These data sets were compared to determine differences in species structure following the decreased use of the transshipment yards.
A total of 657 vascular plant taxa were recorded in all localities (566 taxa in the historic and 431 taxa in the recent data set). Native species prevailed over aliens and archaeophytes over neophytes in both time periods. The most frequent aliens were naturalised taxa, where Asiatic and European species prevailed. The most frequent families were Poaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, and while many species introduced with Russian wheat were recorded only in the past, several taxa are also recorded only recently. Hemicryptophytes were the most abundant life form. Most recorded species were competitors, reproducing by seed and pollinated by insects. Zoochory and hemerochory were the most frequent dispersal types. The proportion of species traits has not changed over time. We identified 49 threatened taxa (38 in the historic and 27 in the recent data set). The Eastern migration route significantly increases the species number of alien vascular plants in the Slovak flora. Although this route had much greater importance in the past, when the role of the Eastern Slovak trans-shipment railway yards was much higher, the studied yards remain an important gateway to Eastern Central Europe and they continue to support agestochory migration of adventive plants.
Success of invasive species has been frequently estimated as the present distribution range size in the introduced region. However, the present distribution range is only a picture of the invasion for a given time step and do not inform on the potential distribution range of the species. Based on niche-based models we used climatic, geographic and landscape information on the present distribution range for 78 major plant invaders in Spain to estimate and map their potential distribution range. We found a positive relationship between present and potential distribution of species. Most of the species have not yet occupied half of their potential distribution range. Sorghum halepense and Amaranthus retroflexus have the widest potential distribution range. Sorghum halepense and Robinia pseudoacacia have the highest relative occupancy (i.e. proportion of potential distribution range currently occupied). Species with a larger minimum residence time have, on average, higher relative occupancy. Our study warns managers that it might be only a matter of time that currently localized invasive species reach their potential area of distribution.