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Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to convert a course on history taking, in theory and practice, to an online format over a very short time. A key question was whether, and if so to what extent, basic theory and, in particular, the practical skills required to conduct medical interviews can be learned online.
Methodology/project description: The teaching program in basic theory was didactically redesigned and asynchronously placed on a learning platform, while the practical program, which consisted of training in conducting history-taking interviews, took place with the help of video conferencing software during synchronous sessions. For the practical sessions, the lecturers received organizational and technical support.
Results: Based on initial evaluation results, a positive picture of the conversion has emerged since the course was completed. The need to restructure the course and use new teaching methods because of the COVID-19 pandemic was well accepted by lecturers and students, and the course content was successfully adapted to an online format.
Conclusion: Overall, the online format enabled the learning objectives of the course to be successfully achieved. For topics such as non-verbal communication, the evaluation results indicated that a classroom format is preferable. Asynchronous theory teaching was generally very well received. Blended learning formats thus represent an appropriate means of teaching how to conduct medical interviews. Overall, online courses on conducting medical interviews provide students with the opportunity to become acquainted with the use of digital formats to conduct doctor-patient interviews, and to develop the relevant skills.
Innerhalb der sozialen Insekten haben viele Gruppen die faszinierende Fähigkeit entwickelt, Nestgenossinnen zu rekrutieren. Rekrutierung beruht auf einer Kommunikation, die angewandt wird, um Mitglieder des Nestes zu einem bestimmten Ort zu bringen, wo Arbeit von Nöten ist (Wilson 1971). Daher beinhaltet die Rekrutierungskommunikation sowohl die Aktivierung von Nestgenossinnen innerhalb des Nestes, als auch die Orientierungshilfen für das Auffinden des Zielortes (Traniello & Robson 1995). Die stachellosen Bienen (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) sind unter den sozialen Insekten eine hoch diverse Tiergruppe (über 400 Arten, Michener 2000). Sie eignen sich ausgezeichnet für die Untersuchung der ebenso diversen Rekrutierungs- und Kommunikationsmechanismen. Bei stachellosen Bienen, wie bei anderen sozialen Insekten, beeinflusst die Güte der Futterquelle die Rekrutierung. Bisher wurde an Arten, die keinen Duftpfad legen, gezeigt, dass zu ertragreichen Futterquellen mehr Bienen rekrutiert werden als zu weniger ertragreichen (Biesmeijer & Ermers 1999). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde erstmals untersucht, wie die Zuckerkonzentration des Futters die Rekrutierung einer Art (Scaptotrigona aff. depilis) beeinflusst, welche Rekruten durch das Auslegen eines Duftpfades zur Futterquelle führt (Schmidt & al. 2006b).
La fête peut être décrite comme un mode spécifique d’inclusion sociale qui se distingue par une occasion spécifique, sa mise en relief démonstrative par rapport au quotidien tout comme le caractère collectif et la dimension de représentation ostentatoire qui lui sont propres. Dans la fête se constituent des cadres d’actions tels que la cour princière, la ville, la commune ou la paroisse en tant que structures sociales et politiques. Les fêtes sont des événements de communication dont des actes symboliques définissent clairement la durée, pendant laquelle les activités habituelles du quotidien sont en sommeil. Par l’action commune des participants, des appartenances sont définies, des hiérarchies établies et des valeurs transmises. Mais les fêtes peuvent également servir à se libérer de contraintes, à surmonter des menaces ou à se régénérer après des défis particuliers. Leur caractère extraordinaire est souligné par une mise en scène originale qui doit agir en retour sur le comportement et la disposition mentale des acteurs concernés. Car chaque fête suppose une disposition d’esprit précise des participants, tout comme elle tente de créer une disposition d’esprit spécifique. À la différence des cérémonies, les fêtes sont en général connotées positivement – en particulier parce qu’elles sont associées à des actes de sustentation et d’échange de cadeaux. ...
An exploration of the relationship between recruitment communication and foraging in stingless bees
(2021)
Social information is widely used in the animal kingdom and can be highly adaptive. In social insects, foragers can use social information to find food, avoid danger, or choose a new nest site. Copying others allows individuals to obtain information without having to sample the environment. When foragers communicate information they will often only advertise high-quality food sources, thereby filtering out less adaptive information. Stingless bees, a large pantropical group of highly eusocial bees, face intense inter- and intra-specific competition for limited resources, yet display disparate foraging strategies. Within the same environment there are species that communicate the location of food resources to nest-mates and species that do not. Our current understanding of why some species communicate foraging sites while others do not is limited. Studying freely foraging colonies of several co-existing stingless bee species in Brazil, we investigated if recruitment to specific food locations is linked to 1) the sugar content of forage, 2) the duration of foraging trips, and 3) the variation in activity of a colony from 1 day to another and the variation in activity in a species over a day. We found that, contrary to our expectations, species with recruitment communication did not return with higher quality forage than species that do not recruit nestmates. Furthermore, foragers from recruiting species did not have shorter foraging trip durations than those from weakly recruiting species. Given the intense inter- and intraspecific competition for resources in these environments, it may be that recruiting species favor food resources that can be monopolized by the colony rather than food sources that offer high-quality rewards.
We propose a theory characterizing information systems (IS) as language communities which use and develop domain-specific languages for communication. Our theory is anchored in Language Critique, a branch of philosophy of language. In developing our theory, we draw on Systems Theory and Cybernetics as a theoretical framework. "Organization" of a system is directly related to communication of its sub-systems. "Big systems" are self-organizing and the control of this ability is disseminated throughout the system itself. Therefore, the influence on changes of the system from its outside is limited. Operations intended to change an organization are restricted to indirect approaches. The creation of domain-specific languages by the system itself leads to advantageous communication costs compared to colloquial communication at the price of set-up costs for language communities. Furthermore, we demonstrate how our theoretical constructs help to describe and predict the behavior of IS. Finally, we discuss implications of our theory for further research and IS in general. Keywords: Language Critique, language communities, communication, self-organization, IS research
TEIL I. ZUR GESCHICHTE EINER EUROPÄISCHEN ANNÄHERUNG 1. Wahrnehmungsblockaden: Das Stereotyp vom „unberührten“ Afrika 15 2. Das „schwarze Gesindel“ der Forschungsreisenden 25 3. Hundert Jahre danach: historische Rekonstruktionen und Deutungen 37 TEIL II. BIOGRAPHISCHE SKIZZEN 1. Die Bezerra-Familie 55 2. Germano de José Maria 78 3. Carvalhos Träger aus Luanda 87 4. Paulo Mujingá Congo und seine Karawanen 95 5. Der Chokwe-Häuptling Quipoco und seine Familie 103 6. Einige Mbangala-Karawanen zur Zeit von Carvalho: Quinguri, Madamba, Muteba, Quinzaje, Quingonga und Ambumba 109 7. Politische und kommerzielle Missionen der Lunda: Tâmbu, Toca Muvumo, Andundo, Muteba und Noéji Caúanga 123 8. Paulo Coimbra, genannt Mussili, und seine Vorfahren 137 TEIL III. HANDEL, FORSCHUNG UND KOMMUNIKATION IM WESTICHEN ZENTRALAFRIKA 1. Schwarze „Weiße“: die Ambakisten 155 2. Die Karawanen 175 3. Waren und Wege 199 4. Karawanenalltag 233 5. Trägerkarawanen: Das „Internet“ des 19. Jahrhunderts 253 ANHANG 1. Max Buchners Expeditionsgepäck 1879 275 2. Mwant Yav in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts 287 3. Lokalisierung einiger Stationen von Carvalhos Lunda-Expedition 1884–1888 nach seinen Messungen 288 4. Glossar der im Text verwendeten afrikanischen und luso-afrikanischen Begriffe 290 Bibliographie 296 Orts- und Namensregister 308
Trata-se de uma réplica ao texto "Uma filosofia da história tornada sóbria", de Georg Lohmann. Nessa réplica o autor justifica que procura vincular uma teoria exigente da evolução social com a da consciência falível, porém não derrotista, de um ethos kantiano que nos obriga a contribuir de algum modo para a melhoria do mundo.
Trata-se de uma réplica ao texto "Uma filosofia da história tornada sóbria", de Georg Lohmann. Nessa réplica o autor justifica que procura vincular uma teoria exigente da evolução social com a da consciência falível, porém não derrotista, de um ethos kantiano que nos obriga a contribuir de algum modo para a melhoria do mundo.
This paper investigates risk-taking in the liquid portfolios held by a large panel of Swedish twins. We document that the portfolio share invested in risky assets is an increasing and concave function of financial wealth, leading to different risk sensitivities across investors. Human capital, which we estimate directly from individual labor income, also drives risk-taking positively, while internal habit and expenditure commitments tend to reduce it. Our micro findings lend strong support to decreasing relative risk aversion and habit formation preferences. Furthermore, heterogeneous risk sensitivities across investors help reconcile individual preferences with representative-agent models.
In the recent decades, privacy scholarship has made significant progress. Most of it was achieved in monodisciplinary works. However, privacy has a deeply interdisciplinary nature. Most importantly, societies as well as individuals experience privacy as being influenced by legal, technical, and social norms and structures. In this article, we hence attempt to connect insights of different academic disciplines into a joint model, an Interdisciplinary Privacy and Communication Model. The model differentiates four different elements: communication context, protection needs, threat and risk analysis, as well as protection enforcement. On the one hand, with this model, we aim to describe how privacy unfolds. On the other hand, the model also prescribes how privacy can be furnished and regulated. As such, the model contributes to a general understanding of privacy as a theoretical guide and offers a practical basis to address new challenges of the digital age.