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Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is a North American tree, considered controversial because of the conflict between multiple uses by humans and negative environmental impacts, which have resulted in it being listed among the most invasive species in Europe. The current management of Robinia stands in Central Europe varies locally according to national legislation, preferring either socio-economic benefits or biodiversity impacts. We collected field data from our target region of Czechia, reviewed research articles including local grey literature mostly from Central and Southern Europe, unpublished results of local projects and inquired relevant specialists. Because Robinia grows in habitats ranging from urban to forest to natural grassland, neither unrestricted cultivation nor large-scale eradication is applicable as a universal practice. In this paper we suggest a complex management strategy for Robinia stands that takes into account habitat, this species’ local ability to spread, as well as economic, cultural and biodiversity aspects. We categorized Robinia stands growing in Europe into eight groups and proposed stratified approach to the management based on decisions that reflect local context. Depending on that, the management includes (i) establishment of new plantations, (ii) maintenance or utilization of existing stands, (iii) tolerance
and (iv) conversion to original vegetation. Our complex management strategy will provide a comprehensive guideline for the management of alien trees in Europe.
Acacia mearnsii De Wilde is on the top 100 of the world’s most invasive alien species and has successfully invaded many areas around the world. However, its distribution and expansion is seldom reported in China. This study for the first time conducted a survey on the new distribution of A. mearnsii at the Kunming Changshui Airport (Yunnan Province, China), through monitoring on population characteristics (number, density, height and ground diameter) and spatial distribution (spread distance). Our survey results show that A. mearnsii has spread rapidly across the airport. This study discusses three factors of environmental factors, human disturbance and weed characteristics behind this successful invasion. The species invasion has a strong potential to change the local vegetation structure, enhances the probability of bird strikes at the airport, and is vulnerable to invade new biogeographic regions if it is not controlled. Currently, eradication combined with mechanical control is considered to be the best option for control. Our study helps improve awareness about the potential risk of A. mearnsii invasion in other airports around China and the world.
Duchesnea indica, die Indische Scheinerdbeere, stammt aus mild-humiden Bergregionen Asiens und wird in Mitteleuropa seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts als Zierpflanze kultiviert. In den letzten Jahrzehnten breitet sich die Art in Deutschland insbesondere in milden Regionen zunehmend spontan aus. Im stärker kontinental getönten Klima Nordostbayerns ist Duchesnea bislang noch nicht außerhalb gärtnerischer Anpflanzungen anzutreffen, wenngleich sie sich beispielsweise auf dem Areal des Ökologisch-Botanischen Gartens der Universität Bayreuth seit vielen Jahren stark vegetativ ausbreitet. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde daher das Potenzial der generativen Ausbreitung von Duchesnea indica im Vergleich zur morphologisch ähnlichen einheimischen Fragaria vesca untersucht und die Hypothese zugrunde gelegt, dass die Produktion keimfähiger Samen und/oder deren Ausbreitung limitierend für die Etablierung von Duchesnea indica an neuen Standorten ist. Duchesnea produziert in einer Vegetationsperiode mehr Samen (einsamige Nussfrüchte) als die heimische Fragaria. Sie hat zudem eine deutlich längere Phase der Fruktifikation, die vom Frühsommer bis zum ersten Frost im Herbst reicht. Die Samen von Duchesnea sind zu über 90% keimfähig, selbst wenn sie zwei Wochen vor der Keimung bei -18°C gelagert wurden. Ihre Früchte werden in gleichem Maße wie diejenigen der Walderdbeere sowohl von Vögeln wie auch von Kleinsäugern verschleppt. Limitierend für die Besiedlung neuer Standorte über Samen könnte das Keimverhalten von Duchesnea sein. Die Samenkeimung beginnt erst 21 Tage nach der Aussaat (bei Fragaria nach 8 Tagen) und endet nach bis zu 56 Tagen (bei Fragaria nach 13 Tagen). In weiteren Unteruchungen ist zu klären, ob die Bedingungen der Keimlingsetablierung begrenzend für die weitere Ausbreitung von Duchesnea indica wirken.
Die in Amerika heimische Kolumbianische Zwergwasserlinse (Wolffia columbiana) tritt neuerdings in Europa als Neophyt auf und konnte in Niedersachsen zum ersten Mal im Jahr 2016 nachgewiesen werden. Im Hintergrund stehen die für den Naturschutz relevanten Fragen, wie viele vermeintliche Vorkommen von Wolffia arrhiza in Wirklichkeit Wolffia columbiana repräsentieren und ob dieser Neophyt die heimische und gefährdete Art Wolffia arrhiza verdrängen kann.
To understand what makes some species successful invaders, it is critical to quantify performance differences between native and introduced regions, and among populations occupying a broad range of environmental conditions within each region. However, these data are not available even for the world’s most notorious invasive species. Here we introduce the Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey, a coordinated distributed field survey to collect performance data and germplasm from a single invasive species: garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) across its entire distribution using minimal resources. We chose this species for its ecological impacts, prominence in ecological studies of invasion success, simple life history, and several genetic and life history attributes that make it amenable to experimental study. We developed a standardised field survey protocol to estimate population size (area) and density, age structure, plant size and fecundity, as well as damage by herbivores and pathogens in each population, and to collect representative seed samples. Across four years and with contributions from 164 academic and non-academic participants from 16 countries in North America and Europe thus far, we have collected 45,788 measurements and counts of 137,811 plants from 383 populations and seeds from over 5,000 plants. All field data and seed resources will be curated for release to the scientific community. Our goal is to establish A. petiolata as a model species for plant invasion biology and to encourage large collaborative studies of other invasive species.