Refine
Year of publication
- 2012 (2) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1)
- Part of a Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (2)
Keywords
- Musikästhetik (2) (remove)
Institute
- Extern (1)
Around 1800, aesthetic debate suddenly places music at the very top in the hierarchy of the arts, even superseding poetry: This has become a commonplace not only in scholarly discourse. The protagonists of this re-arrangement of the artistic disciplines are Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, E.T.A. Hoffmann and Ludwig Tieck. In their programmatic texts, they state that music is to be free and absolute and stress its metaphysical quality and its close relation to the supernatural. Furthermore, music is supposed to be no longer dependent on the other arts, and music releases the listener or the musician from prosaic everyday life. As Wackenroder writes in Die Wunder der Tonkunst, […] [a]ll sickening thoughts which, according to Wackenroder, are the illness of mankind vanish with a piece of music, making our mind sane again. Literary romanticism here recurs to a long tradition that reaches back to the classical ages in Greece and Arabia: Music is used as a remedy for curing illnesses of various kinds. In classical antiquity, Apollo is the god of music, poetry and dancing as well as the god of healing. He was also named “Iatros” (physician) or Apollo Medicus. […] Orpheus as a bard and demigod was also said to be capable of curing diseases by means of his music. […] Thus, music in history is part of treating physical illness on the one hand, but on the other hand is more and more considered to provide a remedy especially for mental deficiencies. Music is meant to improve nervous disorders and sometimes it is even prescribed as a regular medicine. As we will see in Hoffmann’s text Die Genesung, there is a connection between the ritual healing processes in the temples of Aesculapius and the setting of the forest in which the old man regains his health.
Besteht ein substantieller Zusammenhang zwischen dem akustischen Material der Musik und ihrer ästhetischen Realität? Sind die Möglichkeiten der Musik als Medium emotioneller Kommunikation aus der Schwingungsnatur des Klangs begründbar? Lassen sich Relationen zwischen der inneren Organisation des akustischen Materials und musikalischer Form nachweisen?
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt zwei punktuell aus der Geschichte der Musikästhetik herausgegriffene Positionen nebeneinander, mit denen sich diese Fragen positiv beantworten lassen. Ein erster Zugang gilt den Ideen einer besonderen Affinität zwischen dem 'bewegten Innern' einerseits und dem Klangmaterial der Musik andererseits, dem die deutsche Musiktheorie des späten 18. Jahrhunderts Ausdruck verleiht. Der andere bezieht sich auf den philosophierenden dänischen Physiker Hans Christian Ørsted und seine Vorstellungen eines Zusammenhangs zwischen musikalischer Form und der inneren Beschaffenheit des musikalischen Tons, die er zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts aus Betrachtungen über Chladnis Klangfiguren entwickelte.