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The checklist revealed 40 species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) intercepted at Korean ports of entry on dracaena and fi cus plants from southern Asia from 1996 to 2014. Brief diagnostic criteria and related information of the intercepted species are given to assist in the identifi cation of specimens of scale insects intercepted from these plant hosts. Additionally, this preliminary checklist of scale insects could be utilized as a basis for preventive measures in quarantine.
Quick and accurate identification of intercepted psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) is an essential requirement for effective pest management and phytosanitary procedures. However, due to lack of morphological characters in the immature stages that can be used to distinguish species, other molecular methods, such as DNA barcoding are proving to be useful. The current study was to designed to generate comprehensive information on the identification of all developmental stages of eight species of psyllids intercepted on consignments of infested fresh cut flowers at the ports of entry in South Korea using DNA barcoding. It is considered that DNA barcoding is a reliable technique for identification of intercepted psyllids for immature stages and will be helpful in the development of more effective pest management options for regulating pest species.
An updated list is given of 25 species of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) which have been intercepted on plants imported into South Korea during the period of 1996 to 2021. Information on the number of interceptions, host plants, distribution and origin of species intercepted at South Korean ports of entry is provided. In addition, data on intercepted species was analyzed to determine potential invasive species of soft scales that could threaten South Korean plants.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EB0B411-5611-4F24-B004-922E76F024DD
To a degree not widely recognized, some naturalized and invasive plants increase the risks to human health by enhancing the proliferation of vectors of virulent human parasites. These potential risks are restricted by neither ecosystem nor geography. The dense, floating mats of the tropical South American invasive macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) creates habitat for larvae of the dipteran vectors of Plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malaria, and other parasites. In Africa, the South American shrub Lantana camara (lantana) provides suitable habitat in otherwise treeless areas for dipteran vectors (Glossina spp.) of protozoans (Trypanosoma spp.) that cause trypanosomiasis. In the eastern United States, proliferation of the invasive Berberis thunbergii provides questing sites for the blacklegged ticks that carry the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Unanticipated health consequences will likely continue to emerge from new plant introductions. Hantaviruses are rodent-borne parasites that cause lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Populations of rodent Hantavirus vectors in South America increase rapidly in response to fruit availability among masting, native bamboos. In the United States the omnivorous deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus also carries Hantavirus (Sin Nombre Virus). The on-going escape of Asian frost-tolerant bamboos from cultivation raises the possibility of their becoming invaders - several have already become naturalized - and in turn providing a temporary food source for populations of infected native rodents. Proposed introductions of floating aquatic vascular species, species with masting reproduction and species that could occupy an unfilled niche in a new range deserve careful evaluation as catalysts of unintended species interactions, especially of human parasites.
Current globalization and technological progress has facilitated and increased the international trade of plant products worldwide and has promoted the long-distance movement of immobile sucking pests such as whiteflies attached on plants. Therefore, being able to compile and update information on intercepted insect pests will help to improve the inspection procedures, to detect, identify and mitigate the damage caused by exotic invasive pests. Records of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) intercepted on import plants from 2013 to 2021 in the Pest Information System (PIS) database of South Korea were analyzed. A total of 32 species belonging to 19 genera were intercepted on plants imported into South Korea from 20 countries, mostly located in the Oriental region including China. Brief diagnoses, an identification key and photographs of the 32 species intercepted on agricultural commodities and the countries from which they were detected on plants are given to assist in their identification. In addition, this information provides background data and scientific rationale for decisions regarding the management of whiteflies intercepted at the South Korean ports on imported plant products to prevent the introduction and establishment of exotic whiteflies into South Korea.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D0889D43-F905-4CCD-A6A2-D4E376E5FC79
Pears, Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nak. (Rosaceae) are one of the most widely grown fruit trees in South Korea. Approximately 11% of the total pear production in 2022 was exported to countries such as the US and Vietnam. Exported pears must be free of pest species that are considered of quarantine importance by the importing countries. Herein, a list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) associated with pear trees is updated. Additionally, Spilococcus pacificus (Borchsenius) is added to the list of mealybugs affecting pears in South Korea and is briefly diagnosed based on non-type specimens and illustrated using photographs. Information on its distribution and plant hosts are also provided.
ZooBank registration. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48A93063-EB78-402F-82CE-168540C90FE2
Five new species of Bakerius Bondar (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleurodicinae) are described and illustrated from the Americas and Vietnam based on the adult, nymph, and pupal stages: Bakerius asiaticus, Bakerius colombianus, Bakerius hondurensis, Bakerius leei and Bakerius peruvianus. The following six species: Bakerius attenuatus Bondar 1923, Bakerius calmoni Bondar 1928, Bakerius marmoratus (Hempel 1923), Bakerius phrygilanthi Bondar 1923, Bakerius sanguineus Bondar 1928, and Bakerius sublatus Bondar 1928 are re-described. An identification key to the New World genera of the subfamily Aleurodicinae, and a key to the adults and the puparia of Bakerius species are provided.
Anfang Mai 2004 wurden die ersten Anzeichen für die Einschleppung einer invasiven gebietsfremden Art, des baumschädigenden Bockkäfers Anoplophora glabripennis, nach Bayern festgestellt. Ein Ahornbaum am Rande des Parkplatzes vom Friedhof in Neukirchen am Inn (Gemeinde Neuburg am Inn, Landkreis Passau) wies verdächtige Symptome wie Fehlstellen in der Belaubung und kraterförmige Vertiefungen (Eiablagegruben?) in seiner Rinde auf. In unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zum Friedhof liegt zudem eine Spedition, bei der Granitsteine und andere Granitwaren, teilweise aus dem asiatischen Raum, umgeschlagen bzw. auf Holzpaletten auf dem Betriebsgelände längere Zeit gelagert werden. Von diesem Ahorn wurden verdächtige Aststücke entnommen und im Labor an der Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL) in Freising vorsichtig aufgespalten. Es fanden sich Bohrgänge und Bockkäferlarven, die jedoch eine unterschiedliche Größe aufwiesen. Die dorsale Chitinplatte der Vorderbrust hatte aber die typische burgzinnenartige Form, die als morphologisches Bestimmungskriterium von A. glabripennis in der Literatur angegeben wird (HOYER et al. 2003). Zur eindeutigen Absicherung wurden die Larven an das Bundesamt und Forschungszentrum für Wald (BFW) in Wien geschickt. Die Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus Österreich hatten aufgrund des aufsehenerregenden Fundes von A. glabripennis in Braunau am Inn (Erstfund für Europa, 2001) inzwischen die größte Erfahrung in der sicheren Diagnose des Asiatischen Laubholzbockkäfers. Da bereits damals eine erhöhte Gefahr des „unerlaubten Grenzübertrittes“ ins 300 m entfernte bayerische Simbach am Inn bestand, waren schon Kontakte geknüpft und es wurde auch kollegiale Hilfe angeboten. Die schnelle und unbürokratische Hilfe führte beim Verdachtsfall in Neukirchen am Inn zu einer raschen Aufklärung. Über eine DNA-Analyse mittels PCR konnte in Wien innerhalb kürzester Zeit bestätigt werden, dass es sich bei den Larven um A. glabripennis handelte. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit stand auch fest, dass der Einschleppungsweg über die asiatischen Holzpaletten der Spedition abgelaufen sein musste. Wenn man eine einjährige Generationsdauer des Käfers in Mitteleuropa voraussetzt, dann war das Einschleppungsjahr 2003. Da aber bei den meisten Wirtsbäumen inzwischen sogar ein zweijähriger Zyklus angedacht wird, war die Einschleppung vermutlich schon 2002.