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Pola Groß beobachtet in ihrem Beitrag zu neuesten deutschen Theatertexten eine Abkehr von der Relevanz der Aufführbarkeit, die mit einer Entwicklung hin zu stärkerer Fokussierung auf die Artifizialität und Poetizität der Texte einhergeht und somit zur "Reliterarisierung des Theaters" führe: Der Einsatz rhetorischer Stilmittel und die Aufwertung von Rhetorik als auch linguistisch fixierbare Sprechhandlung definierter Gruppen auf der Bühne trage dazu ganz wesentlich bei. Das zeigt Groß am Beispiel der Stücke dreier Gegenwartsdramatiker: Thomas Köck, Enis Maci und Wolfram Höll. Sie sind für das Verhältnis von Rhetorik, Stil und Gegenwartsbezug der neuen Stücke so aufschlussreich wie symptomatisch. In Köcks "paradies fluten" trägt nicht zuletzt die disparate Stilmischung zu einer auffälligen "Dramaturgie der Gleichzeitigkeit" bei. Ellipsen und fehlende Interpunktionen verstärken diesen Effekt. Enis Macis "Mitwisser" wird mitunter als "erstes wirkliches Internetdrama" gehandelt. Sie hält den hohen Stil auch dort durch, wo er ironisch gebrochen wird, integriert viele orale Segmente, bleibt jedoch im Ganzen auf die Ausstellung von Stil und Grammatik fixiert, um die Form gegenüber dem Inhalt und seinem Informationsgebot aufzuwerten. Hier schießt die Autorin jedoch, wie Groß überzeugend darlegt, mitunter übers Ziel hinaus, indem sie zu erläuternden (oft allzu moralischen) Kommentierungen bzw. Gebrauchsanweisungen neigt. Auch in Wolfram Hölls "Disko" geht es um den stilistisch bedingten Effekt der Gleichzeitigkeit, mehr noch als bei Köck, der diesen inhaltlich, und Maci, welche ihn formal privilegiert. Der Sound der 'Disko Europa' ist von einem minimalistischen Stil geprägt. Aber die an das elliptische Prinzip anknüpfenden Stile und Phrasen der Figuren nähern sich tendenziell so sehr an, dass sie sich zu einer Gruppen- oder Schulrhetorik formieren. In den unterschiedlich eingesetzten Techniken, eine Gleichzeitigkeit von Stil und Rhetorik zu forcieren, sieht Groß aber doch Möglichkeiten einer genuinen und bühnenwirksamen Literarizität.
Während Frank am Stil als "Handschrift des stilschöpferischen Individuums" gleichwohl festhält, sieht sich Elisa Ronzheimer anhand ihres Materials gezwungen, sowohl diesen Topos wie die Logik von Norm und Abweichung zu verabschieden. Was bei Frank Kombinatorik heißt, muss radikalisiert und neu gedacht werden, um dem international erfolgreichen südkoreanischen Musik-Video "Gangnam Style" gerecht zu werden, weil in diesem Fall das Original selbst schon parodistisch ist. Ronzheimer schlägt vor, das Individualitätsparadigma zu ersetzen durch ein Verständnis von Stil als kollektiver und partizipatorischer Praxis der Figuration und Defiguration. Damit scheint aber auch die Möglichkeit einer Art Wiederkehr der rhetorischen Regelpoetik am oder nach dem 'Ende' des Stils auf. Die Aussicht, dass heute Bedingungen herrschen, unter denen es eine Praxis, ein 'Üben' geben könnte, das nicht mehr automatisch Abweichungen produziert, sondern zur Homogenisierung tendiert, hat Moritz Baßler jüngst unter dem Titel "Der Neue Midcult" entfaltet.
The ways in which Self and Other are represented in fiction play a significant role in the formation of racial and other stereotypes in any culture. This article is a reading of the children's book "The Brave Rabbit in Africa" (1931) by Slovak modernist author Jozef Cíger-Hronský. It attempts to point out and analyse the ways in which racial and national identities are constructed in the written text of the book. Arguably, the story deploys colonialist motifs typical of Western literature in order to appraise the modern, civilized identity of the young Slovak nation.
In "'Preventing Malicious and Wanton Cruelty to Animals': Historical Animal Welfare and Animal Rights Education," Andreas Hübner outlines future historical animal welfare and animal rights education, sketching concepts and themes such as animal agency and historicity as well as the relational, spatial, and material practices employed between humans and animals. Hübner then historicizes present-day attitudes toward anthropocentricism and discusses educational and learning processes that (can) help to overcome human-animal dichotomies in the history classroom. Hübner presents subject-specific recommendations for critically integrating topics into future curricula and shows that it is possible to teach in a way that acknowledges the role of nonhuman actors. He thereby challenges conventional human-centered narratives of historical learning.
Taking her cue from Margo de Mello's "Teaching the Animal", Maria Moss employs a hands-on, didactic approach to teaching human-animal studies (THAS), introducing texts that she has used in her seminars in the past - from philosophical background materials and sociological surveys to novels, short stories, and poems. In her article, "'The skin and fur on your shoulders': Teaching the Animal Turn in Literature," Moss uses texts that "look at the animals from inside out," ending with a discussion of SF and chimp fiction. From James Lever's "Me Cheetah" to George Saunders's story "Fox 8", she focuses on animal agency within the narrative form, presenting texts that feature animals as narrators. Once we acknowledge that notions of language, cognition, and thinking about the future are no longer limited to human narrators and that "storying" is no longer specific to humans, Moss writes, interspecies storied imaginings mark one possible alternative to the long history of human dominance and exceptionalism - not just in life, but in literature, too.
This article contributes to the European history of musical nationalism with regard to operatic debates in the eighteenth century. The investigation reveals that within operatic debates national categories were used for all levels of the multimedia genre of opera: music, text, composer, and actor. Moreover, the relationship between national character and national taste was a highly critical point: there was general agreement that only outstanding aesthetic abilities enable composers to go beyond their own particular national character. Only in this respect could aesthetic abilities stand above national taste, which was said to be shaped by national character.
Italy has experienced a high number of earthquakes. However, the identity of "the Italians" has not yet been defined by their "landscape of wounds." Referring to an earthquake in central Italy (Amatrice) in August 2016, the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo published a controversial caricature of two wounded Italians standing alongside the "Lasagnes," a pile of bodies layered like the well- known Italian pasta dish. By analysing the caricature's text, intertext, and context, while drawing on imagology and geopoetics, this article aims to show how earthquakes are linked to Italian cultural stereotypes and national identity.
A sense of repetition pervades contemporary South African political and cultural debate. Several recent studies have drawn attention to the fact that the renewed student protests since March 2015 parallel several features of the resistance and liberation movements of the 1970s and 1980s. At a pivotal position between the two moments of political struggle stands the 'miracle' of the peaceful transition in 1994. Within this set of circumstances a group of curators, artists, and writers, Gabi Ngcobo and Kemang Wa Lehulere, amongst others, formed a collective under the name CHR (Center for Historical Reenactments) in Johannesburg in 2010. The CHR has pursued several questions that interrogate the complexity of a shared memory bridging segregated Apartheid legacy: how do readings of the past inform contemporary urgencies, and what are the political potentials of artistic interpretations of histories? How do they participate in the formation of new subjectivities?
Can reenactments be a way to create counter-narratives in and for the museum? Through the analysis of political performance (or what the artist Tania Bruguera calls 'political-timing-specific' artworks), this essay discusses the potential of reenactment as both a practice of materializing memories and narratives of oppression and of rethinking museum policies in terms of preservation and display. Its main argument is that, while the archive can be regarded as a form of materializing the memory of these works, reenactment is more than a way of recovering the past; it is also a device for reconstructing memories of activism and oppression. This essay further suggests that reenactments of political-timing-specific works demand a change in accessioning, conservation, and presentation practices, which might be inclined to erase decentralized art-historical and material narratives.
The reactivation of Rudi Fuchs' 1983 exhibition 'Summer Display' took place in 2009 as part of the collection series, 'Play van Abbe part 1: The Game and the Players', and was entitled 'Repetition: Summer Display 1983'. The reconstruction questioned the codes and systems used within (but also consciously and unconsciously outside) the museum and raised several questions, including: what story did the original composers want to tell, and how can this piece of history be understood today? Is the new presentation a separate exhibition entirely or a copy of the 'original' one? What is then the difference between the idea of copy, repetition, and reenactment? And what is the role of the museum's archive in the process of restaging? What can curatorial institutional archives tell us about the museum itself?