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Considering the European mentality of the first half of the 19th century, this article discusses the important role of E. T. A. Hoffmann in the literature of that period. The text deals specially with Hoffmann’s critique of the superiority of reason over imagination. Cultivating the grotesque and the supernatural, Hoffmann criticizes the bourgeois attitudes towards an unquestioned belief in the reason as the unique savior of mankind.
In Hoffmann’s tales, visual references and optical devices play an important role as thematic and structural components. This article will analyze this subject in a historical context where the social differentiation and the optical media result in a questioning of observation and perspective. Hoffmann’s writing may therefore be conceived, at least partially, through his position towards visibility. This paper will first provide a general look at the interrelations between Hoffmann’ s texts and certain painting styles and then take a closer look at “The Sandman” as a keywork for romantic perspectivism.
Im folgenden Beitrag wird eine Möglichkeit erkundet, die theoretische und analytische Auseinandersetzung mit der Übersetzung in einem weiteren kulturwissenschaftlichen Rahmen zu betrachten. Ausgegangen wird dabei von Agars Begriff des „rich point“, der sich in den Zusammenhang der kulturellen „Schlüsselwörter“ einfügen lässt, wie er 1983 von Williams und 1997 von Wierzbicka erörtert wurde. Für die Übersetzung stellen „rich points“ erhebliche Hindernisse dar, aber gerade diese erlauben es, die besonderen Eigenarten der Kultur einer Ausgangssprache im Spiegel der Zielsprache zu reflektieren. Anhand einiger Beispiele aus E.T.A. Hoffmanns Erzählsammlung Die Serapionsbrüder sollen über die Einzelanalyse hinaus auch die methodischen Perspektiven aufgezeigt werden, die in der translationswissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit „rich points“ liegen.
Around 1800, aesthetic debate suddenly places music at the very top in the hierarchy of the arts, even superseding poetry: This has become a commonplace not only in scholarly discourse. The protagonists of this re-arrangement of the artistic disciplines are Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, E.T.A. Hoffmann and Ludwig Tieck. In their programmatic texts, they state that music is to be free and absolute and stress its metaphysical quality and its close relation to the supernatural. Furthermore, music is supposed to be no longer dependent on the other arts, and music releases the listener or the musician from prosaic everyday life. As Wackenroder writes in Die Wunder der Tonkunst, […] [a]ll sickening thoughts which, according to Wackenroder, are the illness of mankind vanish with a piece of music, making our mind sane again. Literary romanticism here recurs to a long tradition that reaches back to the classical ages in Greece and Arabia: Music is used as a remedy for curing illnesses of various kinds. In classical antiquity, Apollo is the god of music, poetry and dancing as well as the god of healing. He was also named “Iatros” (physician) or Apollo Medicus. […] Orpheus as a bard and demigod was also said to be capable of curing diseases by means of his music. […] Thus, music in history is part of treating physical illness on the one hand, but on the other hand is more and more considered to provide a remedy especially for mental deficiencies. Music is meant to improve nervous disorders and sometimes it is even prescribed as a regular medicine. As we will see in Hoffmann’s text Die Genesung, there is a connection between the ritual healing processes in the temples of Aesculapius and the setting of the forest in which the old man regains his health.