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The genus Afronurus has several very common mayfly species in China and they are widely distributed in this country. Some of them are quite similar to each other in both imaginal and nymphal stages. However, these species have not been systematically compared and reviewed so far. In this study, six species are recognized. All nymphs of them share the following characters: gills V–VI with additional arrow-like accessory lobes, branched dentisetae, two rows of bristles and setae on hindtibiae and spotted abdominal terga. The males have divergent penes and clearly expressed titillators. The nymphs of the new species A. drepanophyllus sp. nov. have sickle-like gills I, spotted and striped body color, and males have unique genitalia. The nymphal stages of A. furcatus and A. hunanensis, which are associated and described for the first time, have similar body color to A. drepanophyllus sp. nov., but their pale dots on the head capsules and the shape of the hypopharynx are different. Keys to males and nymphs of the six species are provided.
Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. is described as the ninth species of ‘Grylloblattodea’ from the middle Permian of the Salagou Formation, near Lodève town (France). It is currently not reasonable to place this species into a specific family, even though it seems to share most characters with the small family Tunguskapteridae. The lack of phylogenetic analysis and the current poor delineation of the majority of the grylloblattodean families (lacking synapomorphies) render any attribution of new taxa to a particular family often uncertain.
Classification of higher level vegetation units (orders and alliances) based on numerical methods often yields different results than traditional plant community classification concepts. We performed a numerical cluster analysis of phytosociological relevés from the class Festuco-Brometea in Slovakia with the aim of identifying areas of overlap between the two classification approaches. The research was carried out using a database of approximately 1500 phytosociological relevés sampled in the period between 1927 and 2004. The outputs of the numerical classification form six clusters. Diagnostic taxa of individual clusters were determined using species constancy and fidelity. The cluster analysis enabled us to differentiate the alliances Seslerio-Festucion pallentis, Diantho lumnitzeri-Seslerion albicantis, Festucion valesiacae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati and Asplenio septentrionalis-Festucion pallentis (inch Festucenion pseudodalmaticae). However, it did not permit the differentiation of the alliances Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis and Bromion erecti. It also did not allow us to differentiate the orders Brometalia erecti and Festucetalia valesiacae. The reason for this may be the peripheral occurrence of plant communities of Brometalia erecti in Slovakia.
The classification of the largest subfamily of leafhoppers, Deltocephalinae, including 38 tribes, 923 genera, and 6683 valid species, is reviewed and revised. An updated phylogeny of the subfamily based on molecular (28S, Histone H3) and morphological data and an expanded taxon sample (37 taxa not included in previous analyses) is presented. Based on the results of these analyses and on the morphological examination of many representatives of the subfamily, the classification of the tribes and subtribes of Deltocephalinae is revised. Complete morphological descriptions, illustrations, lists of the included genera, and notes on their distribution, ecology, and important vector species are provided for the 38 recognized tribes and 18 subtribes. A dichotomous key to the tribes is provided. All names in the taxonomic treatments are hyperlinked to online resources for individual taxa which are supported by a comprehensive database for Deltocephalinae compiled using the taxonomic database software package 3I. The online functionality includes an interactive key to tribes and subtribes and advanced database searching options. Each taxon (subspecies through subfamily) has a unique taxon webpage providing nomenclatural information, lists of included taxa, an automated description (if available), images (if available), distributional information, bibliographic references and links to outside resources. Some observations and trends regarding the history of taxonomic descriptions in Deltocephalinae are reported. Four new tribes are described: Bahitini tribe nov. (25 genera), Bonsapeiini tribe nov. (21 genera), Phlepsiini tribe nov. (4 genera), and Vartini tribe nov. (7 genera). The circumscription and morphological characterization of Scaphoideini Oman, 1943 (61 genera) is substantially revised. Eleven new species are described: Acostemma stilleri sp. nov., Arrugada linnavuorii sp. nov., Drabescus zhangi sp. nov., Parabolopona webbi sp. nov., Goniagnathus emeljanovi sp. nov., Hecalus hamiltoni sp. nov., Scaphoideus omani sp. nov., Dwightla delongi sp. nov., Abimwa knighti sp. nov., Gannia viraktamathi sp. nov., and Doratulina dmitrievi sp. nov. Some family-group level taxonomic changes are made: Platymetopiini Haupt, 1929, Anoterostemmini Haupt, 1929, and Allygidiina Dmitriev, 2006 are synonymized with Athysanini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Procepitini Dmitriev, 2002 is synonymized with Cicadulini Van Duzee, 1892, syn. nov.; Listrophorini Boulard, 1971 is synonymized with Chiasmini Distant, 1908, syn. nov.; Adamini Linnavuori & Al-Ne’amy, 1983, Dwightlini McKamey, 2003, and Ianeirini Linnavuori, 1978 are synonymized with Selenocephalini Fieber, 1872 syn.nov., and all three are now recognized as valid subtribes in their parent tribe. New placements of many genera to tribe and subtribe are made, and these are described in individual taxon treatments.
The Japanese micropterigid moths are revised. Seventeen species in five genera are recognized from Japan, described or redescribed with the male and female genital figures. Of these, two genera, Issikiomartyria HASHIMOTO and Kurolkopteryx HASHIMOTO, and seven species, Issikiomartyria akemiae HASHIMOTO, Issikiomartylia plicata HASHIMOTO, Issihiomartyria distincta HASHIMOTO, Issihiomartyria bisegmentata HASHIMOTO, Kurokopteryx dolichocerata HASHIMOTO, Neomicropteryx hiwana HASHIMOTO, and Neomicropteryx redacta HASHIMOTO, are new to science. A new combination is given: Issikiomartyria nudata (Issuu). Biology and immature structures of the Japanese species are also described together with the keys to genera and to species provided on the basis of the adult characters. Phylogenetic relationships among the Northern Hemisphere genera are analyzed by the cladistic analysis using PAUP* (SWOFFORD, 2002) based on the morphological characters of adults. A monophyly of the Northern Hemisphere genera except for Micropterix is supported by nine apomorphies, but their immediate sister taxon remains unresolved.
Bedeutung der Retikulozytenbestimmung zur Differenzierung und Behandlungskontrolle der Anämie
(1994)
Die Retikulozytenbestimmung hat eine wesentliche Bedeutung in der Differenzierung und Behandlungskontrolle von Anämien. Dies insbesondere, seitdem die mikroskopische Retikulozytenzählung durch die Bestimmung mit automatisierten Blutzellzählgeräten abgelöst und somit die Retikulozytenzahl mit geringer Impräzision bestimmt werden kann. Somit ist es möglich, die Regeneration derErythropoese gut zu verfolgen. In der Differenzierung der Anämien hat die Retikulozytenbestimmung ihre wesentliche Bedeutung zur Unterscheidung der nprmozytären Anämie formen. Ist bei normozytärer Anämie die Retikulozytenzahl normal oder vermindert, muß eine Knochenmarkpunktion in Erwägung gezogen werden. Bei mikro- und makrozytären Anämien ist die Retikulozytenbestimmung weniger bedeutsam. Für die Behandlungskontrolle der Anämien kann die Retikulozytenzahl ein wichtiger Indikator sowohl für eine beginnende Regeneration der Erythropoese als auch für die erfolgreiche Behandlung einer die Erythrozytenlebenszeit verkürzenden Erkrankung sein.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Quantifizierung der vertikalen Vegetationsstruktur vorgestellt, die auf der Analyse von Digitalfotos beruht, die mit der VESTA-Methode (VErtical vegetation STructure Analysis) aufgenommen und der Software SIDELOOK bearbeitet werden. Dabei können zahlreiche Parameter anhand von Bildpixeln quantifiziert werden. Statistische Analysen und multivariate Ordinationen lassen sich mit den gewonnenen Daten durchführen.
Die Methode wird modellartig auf verschiedene Pflanzengesellschaften von Sukzessionsserien in Sand- Ökosystemen in der nördlichen Oberrheinebene nahe Darmstadt angewendet (Filagini-Vulpietum, Corynephoretalia-Basalgesellschaft, Junneo cyanoidis-Koelerietum glaucae, Allio sphaerocephali-Stipetum capillatae, Armerio-Festucetum trachyphyllae, Cynodon dactylon-Bestände, Calamagrostis epigeios-Bestände). Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die vertikalen Strukturen die Sukzessionsserien mit den erarbeiteten Parametern quantifizierbar machen. Durch die Erstellung von Strukturkurven (Vegetationshöhe gegen Phytomasse-Menge) lassen sich Pflanzengesellschaften aufgrund der spezifischen Eigenschaften von Höhenstraten klassifizieren. Verschiedene Pioniergesellschaften, wie z.B. die Corynephoretalia-Basalgesellschaft und das Filagini-Vulpietum, haben vollkommen verschiedene Struktureigenschaften, obwohl sie sich auf einem ähnlichen Niveau der Sukzession und der soziologischen Progression befinden. Der Begriff der „Bestandes-Obergrenze“ ist bei den hier behandelten Gesellschaften prinzipiell zu hinterfragen, da es große, kontinuierliche Ubergangsbereiche zwischen Vegetationsschicht und freiem Luftraum gibt. Parameter zur Beschreibung des Bereiches werden vorgeschlagen. Die Quantifizierung von Struktur-Parametern ermöglicht es, diese mit abiotischen und biotischen Charakteristika zu korrelieren.
This checklist of the lichens and Iichenicolous fungi of Chile (including the Antarctic ten-itory, Juan Fernandez and Easter island) includes 1415 taxa in 304 genera of which 1383 are lichens (in 281 genera), and 32 are lichenicolaus fungi (in 23 genera). Full bibliographic citations are given for both accepted taxa and for synonyms and references to relevant literature are included for most genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Caloplaca austroshetlandica (Zahlbr.) D.J. Galloway & Quilhot, Dendriscocaulon calithamnion (Taylor) D.J. Galloway & Quilhot, Neuropogon durietzii (Motyka) D.J. Galloway & Qllilhot, Neuropogon patagonicus (F.J. Walker) DJ. Galloway & Quilhot, and Neuropogon subamarcticus (F. J. Walker) D.,T. Galloway & Quilhot.
Orange lily Lilium bulbiferum subsp. bulbiferum occurs in the mountains of Western and Central Europe. Within almost the entire area of distribution, it is considered to be rare and endangered. The main purpose of the present study is to analyse the variability of environmental conditions of sites of the orange lily that are considered natural on its north-eastern border of occurrence. Using vegetation databases from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia and our material collected during field work in the Western Carpathians and the Sudetes, we analysed the variability of species composition within communities with the occurrence of L. bulbiferum subsp. bulbiferum. The classification was performed using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm in the JUICE software. Ecological analysis was performed on the basis of Ellenberg indicator values with a Zelený-Schaffers modified permutation test. In general, the findings indicate that in the study area there are at least seven plant communities, within three separate classes, with the occurrence of the orange lily. All vegetation units distinguished here are semi-natural communities, which are maintained through extensive and traditional agricultural practices. Microclimatic conditions, which indicate a narrow ecological tolerance of the species to light availability and temperature, may have a crucial effect on the distribution of L. bulbiferum subsp. bulbiferum on the north-eastern border of its range in Europe. These factors significantly reduce the possibility of penetration of the species into forest or scrub communities. On the other hand, owing to far wider ranges of tolerance to moisture conditions and soil reaction than previously considered typical of the species, the orange lily can occur in different light-demanding communities, from acidic pastures up to calcareous thermophilous grasslands. An almost exclusive presence of L. bulbiferum subsp. bulbiferum in semi-natural habitats suggests that active management and protection are crucial to protect its full genetic variation on the European continent.
Der Harz ist eine alte, eigenartige Kulturlandschaft mit einer sehr vielseitigen Naturausstattung und einer wechselvollen Kulturgeschichte über gut 1000 Jahre. In mehreren Kapiteln werden zunächst die natürlichen Grundlagen (Erdgeschichte, Relief, Gesteine, Böden, Klima, Flora, Landschaftsgliederung) dargestellt. Die Kulturgeschichte insbesondere des Oberharzes ist von Entwicklungen, Rückschlägen und Niedergang des Bergbaus geprägt. Sie hat sich stark auf die Vegetation und das Landschaftsbild ausgewirkt. Eigentliche Haupterwerbs-Landwirtschaft war dagegen dort nie von Bedeutung. Selbst heute, wo Bergbau und Industrie erloschen oder rückläufig sind, gibt es viele Relikte und Nachwirkungen in der Landschaft, die auch die aktuelle Vegetation mit bestimmen. Im Harz bemüht man sich, einen sinnvollen Kompromiß zwischen Naturschutz und Tourismus zu finden. Abschließend wird versucht, eine erste Übersicht der Pflanzengesellschaften des Harzes zu geben.