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Captive of Fate
(2007)
Captive of Fate is the moving story of Ann, a victim of her own need for genuine love, and her gullibility in falling head over heels into the traps of lust set up by clever men. As Ann's biographic narrative unfolds, the reader is faced again and again with the haunting question: 'Do all men want only one thing from a woman?' Hidden between the lines and yet hammering constantly at the reader's conscience are issues pertaining to gender violence and the plight of women in Africa.
"Der Bartgeier" informiert über die Wiederansiedlung des Bartgeiers (Gypaetus barbatus) , dazu wird auf Verbereitung, Wanderung, Monitoring, Bestand und Bestimmung im speziellen in Österreich, aber auch International eingegangen. Das Bartgeier-Wiederansiedlungsprojekt wird derzeit durch ein LIFE-Programm der Europäischen Union gefördert. Weiters wird das Projekt in Österreich gemeinschaftlich vom Nationalpark Hohe Tauern, dem Verein Eulen- und Greifvogelschutz sowie dem WWF Österreich in Verbindung mit folgenden Partnern durchgeführt: - Nationalpark Hohe Tauern - Verein Eulen- und Greifvogelschutz - WWF Österreich - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - Lebensministerium - Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt Das Projekt wird zusätzich unterstützt vom Alpenzoo Innsbruck, dem Tiergarten Schönbrunn, der Vorarlberger Jägerschaft, der Salzburger Jägerschaft, der Kärntner Jägerschaft, dem Tiroler Jägerverband, dem Nationalpark Stilfser Joch, der Stiftung Pro Bartgeier sowie der Foundation for the Conservation of the Bearded Vulture.
Dieser Newsletter informiert monatlich über den aktuellen Stand des Wiederansiedlungsprojekt des Bartgeiers (Gypaetus barbatus) im Alpenraum, im speziellen in Österreich. Das Bartgeier-Wiederansiedlungsprojekt wird derzeit durch ein LIFE-Programm der Europäischen Union gefördert. Weiters wird das Projekt in Österreich gemeinschaftlich vom Nationalpark Hohe Tauern, dem Verein Eulen- und Greifvogelschutz sowie dem WWF Österreich in Verbindung mit folgenden Partnern durchgeführt: - Nationalpark Hohe Tauern - Verein Eulen- und Greifvogelschutz - WWF Österreich - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - Lebensministerium - Zoologische Gesellschaft Frankfurt Das Projekt wird zusätzich unterstützt vom Alpenzoo Innsbruck, dem Tiergarten Schönbrunn, der Vorarlberger Jägerschaft, der Salzburger Jägerschaft, der Kärntner Jägerschaft, dem Tiroler Jägerverband, dem Nationalpark Stilfser Joch, der Stiftung Pro Bartgeier sowie der Foundation for the Conservation of the Bearded Vulture.
In diesem Beitrag sollen thesenhaft einige Bemerkungen zu den Inhalten, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen, sowie zu den Perspektiven der Erkundung von Standortszuständen ausgeführt werden. In Abgrenzung zur Biotopkartierung und Monitoring von Waldschäden und Pflanzenernährung ist zunächst eine Begriffbestimmung erforderlich. Standortszustände umfassen den variablen Teil der Standortseigenschaften. Je nach Weite der Definition fallen darunter: 1. Der Humuszustand anhand der wichtigsten chemischen Eigenschaften, 2. der Humuszustand anhand der Humusmorphologie, 3. die Bodenvegetation, 4. die Bodentiergemeinschaft, 5. der (obere) Mineralboden mit seinen veränderlichen Eigenschaften, 6. die Immissionsform, 7. das Bestandesklima (z.B. Epiphyten als Weiser der Luftfeuchtigkeit). Der Geländewasserhaushalt wird meist mit den stabilen Eigenschaften der forstlichen Kartierverfahren abgebildet, ist aber zunehmend als Zustandsgröße einzustufen.
Standard monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation during endoscopy is recommended by current guidelines on procedural sedation. A number of studies indicated a reduction of hypoxic (art. oxygenation < 90% for > 15 s) and severe hypoxic events (art. oxygenation < 85%) by additional use of capnography. Therefore, U.S. and the European guidelines comment that additional capnography monitoring can be considered in long or deep sedation. Integrated Pulmonary Index® (IPI) is an algorithm-based monitoring parameter that combines oxygenation measured by pulse oximetry (art. oxygenation, heart rate) and ventilation measured by capnography (respiratory rate, apnea > 10 s, partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide [PetCO2]). The aim of this paper was to analyze the value of IPI as parameter to monitor the respiratory status in patients receiving propofol sedation during PEG-procedure. Patients reporting for PEG-placement under sedation were randomized 1:1 in either standard monitoring group (SM) or capnography monitoring group including IPI (IM). Heart rate, blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation were monitored in SM. In IM additional monitoring was performed measuring PetCO2, respiratory rate and IPI. Capnography and IPI values were recorded for all patients but were only visible to the endoscopic team for the IM-group. IPI values range between 1 and 10 (10 = normal; 8–9 = within normal range; 7 = close to normal range, requires attention; 5–6 = requires attention and may require intervention; 3–4 = requires intervention; 1–2 requires immediate intervention). Results on capnography versus standard monitoring of the same study population was published previously. A total of 147 patients (74 in SM and 73 in IM) were included in the present study. Hypoxic events occurred in 62 patients (42%) and severe hypoxic events in 44 patients (29%), respectively. Baseline characteristics were equally distributed in both groups. IPI = 1, IPI < 7 as well as the parameters PetCO2 = 0 mmHg and apnea > 10 s had a high sensitivity for hypoxic and severe hypoxic events, respectively (IPI = 1: 81%/81% [hypoxic/severe hypoxic event], IPI < 7: 82%/88%, PetCO2: 69%/68%, apnea > 10 s: 84%/84%). All four parameters had a low specificity for both hypoxic and severe hypoxic events (IPI = 1: 13%/12%, IPI < 7: 7%/7%, PetCO2: 29%/27%, apnea > 10 s: 7%/7%). In multivariate analysis, only SM and PetCO2 = 0 mmHg were independent risk factors for hypoxia. IPI (IPI = 1 and IPI < 7) as well as the individual parameters PetCO2 = 0 mmHg and apnea > 10 s allow a fast and convenient conclusion on patients’ respiratory status in a morbid patient population. Sensitivity is good for most parameters, but specificity is poor. In conclusion, IPI can be a useful metric to assess respiratory status during propofol-sedation in PEG-placement. However, IPI was not superior to PetCO2 and apnea > 10 s.
In vielen Städten werden gemeinschaftlicher Wohnprojekte in unterschiedlicher Weise gefördert, weil sie dauerhaft bezahlbares und sicheres Wohnen ermöglichen sowie positiv ins Quartier wirken (sollen). Mitunter kommt dabei die Frage auf, wie ein solcher Mehrwert für das Gemeinwohl bestimmt und wie die Projekte seitens der fördernden Kommune begleitet werden können. Mit diesen Fragen hat sich das Forschungsprojekt 'Gemeinschaftliches Wohnen als kommunales städtebauliches Instrument. Monitoring, Vernetzung und Auswertung gemeinschaftlichen Wohnens in Frankfurt am Main (GeWokosl)' in explorativer Weise befasst. Ziel war es einen Monitoring-Ansatz vorzubereiten, mit dessen Hilfe die Quartiersangebote städtisch geförderter gemeinschaftlicher Wohnprojekten erfasst und unterstützt werden sollen. Dazu wurden Interviews mit zuständigen Verwaltungen in Hamburg, Tübingen, Leipzig und Stuttgart sowie Gruppendiskussion mit sechs gemeinschaftlichen Wohnprojekten in Frankfurt am Main geführt. Ein Monitoring der Wirkungen in das Quartier wird von allen Beteiligten als eine Herausforderung gesehen, da es eine Erfassung der qualitativen projektspezifischen Dynamiken erfordert. Insgesamt zeigen die Interviewergebnisse mit den Stadtverwaltungen ein Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Wunsch, einen die Wohnprojekte unterstützenden Ansatz zu entwickeln und dem Anspruch, die gemeinwohlorientierten Beiträge der Projekte zu kontrollieren und zu steuern. Die Projekte fordern in diesem Kontext eine zuverlässige finanzielle Unterstützung für ihr soziales Engagement und den Ausbau der städtischen sozialen Infrastruktur. Das Forschungsvorhaben wurde als Kooperation zwischen der Stabsstelle Wohnungsmarkt, Mietrecht und innovative Wohnprojekte des Amtes für Wohnungswesen Frankfurt am Main sowie der Professur von Bernd Belina am Institut für Humangeographie der Goethe-Universität im Zeitraum von Mai 2021 bis Februar 2022 durchgeführt.
Background: While the use of plastic materials has generated huge societal benefits, the "plastic age" comes with downsides: One issue of emerging concern is the accumulation of plastics in the aquatic environment. Here, so-called microplastics (MP), fragments smaller than 5 mm, are of special concern because they can be ingested throughout the food web more readily than larger particles. Focusing on freshwater MP, we briefly review the state of the science to identify gaps of knowledge and deduce research needs.
State of the science: Environmental scientists started investigating marine (micro)plastics in the early 2000s. Today, a wealth of studies demonstrates that MP have ubiquitously permeated the marine ecosystem, including the polar regions and the deep sea. MP ingestion has been documented for an increasing number of marine species. However, to date, only few studies investigate their biological effects. The majority of marine plastics are considered to originate from land-based sources, including surface waters. Although they may be important transport pathways of MP, data from freshwater ecosystems is scarce. So far, only few studies provide evidence for the presence of MP in rivers and lakes. Data on MP uptake by freshwater invertebrates and fish is very limited.
Knowledge gaps: While the research on marine MP is more advanced, there are immense gaps of knowledge regarding freshwater MP. Data on their abundance is fragmentary for large and absent for small surface waters. Likewise, relevant sources and the environmental fate remain to be investigated. Data on the biological effects of MP in freshwater species is completely lacking. The accumulation of other freshwater contaminants on MP is of special interest because ingestion might increase the chemical exposure. Again, data is unavailable on this important issue.
Conclusions: MP represent freshwater contaminants of emerging concern. However, to assess the environmental risk associated with MP, comprehensive data on their abundance, fate, sources, and biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are needed. Establishing such data critically depends on a collaborative effort by environmental scientists from diverse disciplines (chemistry, hydrology, ecotoxicology, etc.) and, unsurprisingly, on the allocation of sufficient public funding.
There are special challenges in implementing parenteral nutrition (PN) in paediatric patients, which arises from the wide range of patients, ranging from extremely premature infants up to teenagers weighing up to and over 100 kg, and their varying substrate requirements. Age and maturity-related changes of the metabolism and fluid and nutrient requirements must be taken into consideration along with the clinical situation during which PN is applied. The indication, the procedure as well as the intake of fluid and substrates are very different to that known in PN-practice in adult patients, e.g. the fluid, nutrient and energy needs of premature infants and newborns per kg body weight are markedly higher than of older paediatric and adult patients. Premature infants <35 weeks of pregnancy and most sick term infants usually require full or partial PN. In neonates the actual amount of PN administered must be calculated (not estimated). Enteral nutrition should be gradually introduced and should replace PN as quickly as possible in order to minimise any side-effects from exposure to PN. Inadequate substrate intake in early infancy can cause long-term detrimental effects in terms of metabolic programming of the risk of illness in later life. If energy and nutrient demands in children and adolescents cannot be met through enteral nutrition, partial or total PN should be considered within 7 days or less depending on the nutritional state and clinical conditions.
Background: Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally.
Methods: We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation.
Findings: We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries’ COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries’ income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well.
Interpretation: Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue.
Verbreitung, Nestdichten und Ökologie hügelbauender Waldameisen der Gattung Formica im Tiroler Wald
(2008)
Trotz der erheblichen waldökologischen und naturschutzfachlichen Bedeutung hügelbauender Formica-Arten waren Informationen über aktuelle Verbreitung, ökologische Einnischung und eventuelle Gefährdung in Tirol als lückenhaft zu bezeichnen. Aus diesem Grund wurde in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Landesforstdirektion Tirol und im Auftrag der Tiroler Landesregierung, Abtlg. Umweltschutz, eine landesweite Erhebung des Waldameisenbestandes im Zuge routinemäßig durchgeführter forstlicher Inventuren von 2004 bis 2006 durchgeführt (Glaser 2004, 2005, 2006). Dabei ergab die Analyse der Waldameisenbesiedlung in Abhängigkeit zu ebenfalls erhobenen forstlicher Parameter Hinweise auf die Habitatpräferenzen einzelner Arten.