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Some students evidently find it difficult to paraphrase the content of a text (particularly a specialist or professional text) after reading it. This inability may have a negative impact on their performance when writing Bachelor theses or when studying in general. This paper therefore addresses the question of how to help students of German develop the important competency of paraphrasing and summarizing the content of texts. The starting point was a small-scale research project conducted among students at the Department of German Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava; the results of the research were analyzed to identify the main problems encountered by students when carrying out these tasks. This analysis forms the basis for an overview of strategies and methods which can be practised by students when paraphrasing and summarizing the content of texts. The article systematizes the key processes and operations for paraphrasing and summarizing with reference to the theoretical literature. The article seeks to contribute to the discussion of a broad range of methods that can be used to help improve the quality of foreign language studies and the study of specialist and professional language
School is not the only institution that educates children and provides them with specialised information. Television also contributes substantially to education. The article deals with the question of how the authors of educational programmes for children handled the difficult task of educating children while capturing their attention at the same time. This issue is examined using the example of selected German and Czech television programmes for children with the topic of biology, and attention is paid especially to the choice of language when working with specialised terms and to the specific procedures of defining or explaining them. Also monitored is whether or not the strategy of introducing new specialised terms in the analysed children programmes is different in terms of quality from the strategies applied in popular science programmes for adults with comparable topics.
The article presents the first German-Czech handbook and textbook about forestry (written by Wenzel Elias Lenhardt). The text is of particular interest due to the language situation and the practical use of both German and Czech in the Bohemian Crown Lands during the 18th century. The paper also discusses several aspects of the handbook and textbook - including the author and the addressee from a pragmalinguistic perspective - and summarizes the results of an analysis of its textual characteristics, writing style, syntax and lexis.
Článek pojednává o zlomku lékařského receptu z 15. stoletì, který je v současné době uchováván pod signaturou I E a 16 v Oddělenì rukopisů a starých tisků Knihovny Národnìho muzea v Praze, a zabývá se dìlčìmi aspekty textové analýzy v oblasti grafematiky, fonetiky, morfologie, syntaxe a slovnì zásoby.
On history in the present day. Laudatio to Lenka Vaňková.
This paper takes as its starting point several statements by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the role of the German language in literary and scholarly life during Leibniz's era. The languages of scholarship were Latin and French, and Leibniz himself published in both these languages. German was the language of practical life. Viewed from this perspective, it was almost inevitable that medieval and early modern medicine - not in the sense of academic theory, but as a practical activity - developed its own fully-fledged specialist language, which was largely based on the vernacular. In her studies of the language of historical medicine, Lenka Vaňková has shown how such vernacular language was (and potentially still is) able to function in specialist domains.
Der zwanzigjährige Weg, den die Germanistik in der Slowakei nach der Wende zurückgelegt hat, spiegelt sich in quantitativen und qualitativen Veränderungen, Erfolgen und Positiva in der breitesten und allgemeinsten Auffassung (der deutschen Sprache und der Arbeit im Bereich Germanistik tätiger Fachleute) wider. Beeinflusst von politischen, gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Veränderungen in der Slowakei sowie von Internationalisierungs- und Globalisierungstendenzen haben die deutsche Sprache und die Germanistik in der Slowakei Bedeutung erworben. Dies hatte eine massenhafte Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache auf allen Bildungsebenen (von Kindergärten bis zu Universitäten und Betrieben), die Gründung von germanistischen Instituten, Erweiterung von Studiengängen und Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen und Forschungstätigkeit im Bereich der deutschen Sprache zur Folge. Zu einem in der Slowakei etablierten Forschungsbereich ist auch die deutsche Fachsprache geworden.
Und wieder Fachsprachen?
(2013)
This article focuses on the development of LSP research in Germany in order to determine desiderata and to establish priorities for further research projects. Since the 1960s lexicon and grammar of LSP have been described. As a result we now have extensive and mostly even statistically proved results in the fields of morphology, word formation and syntax. In the 1980s research was oriented to a pragmalinguistic description of texts, which made it possible to characterize texts in situational context. Since the 1990s cognitive linguistics has been given more priority, but the results achieved so far are not yet satisfactory. This leads to the question, which topics our attention should be devoted to. There are three groups of problems: Key problems of the theoretical description and systematization of LSP, LSP on conditions of digitalization and globalization, LSP in different contexts (scientific, technical, economic, cultural, administrative etc.).
Meyers Lexikon in der Ausgabe aus dem Jahre 1909 schreibt, dass sich die Lust an körperlicher Bewegung zu allen Zeiten geltend gemacht hat. Sport spielte und spielt bis heute eine wichtige Rolle in der Gesellschaft. Immer mehr Menschen interessieren sich für Sport, sowohl als aktiver Teilnehmer als auch als Zuschauer. Im Laufe der Zeit haben sich Funktion und Rolle des Sports im Vergleich zur Vergangenheit verändert. Das Wesen des Sports und das, was ihn als etwas "Spezifisches" von anderen gesellschaftlichen Phänomenen unterscheidet, haben eine lange Tradition, und die Antwortversuche auf die Frage nach der soziokulturellen Stellung des Sports ist ebenso breit wie kontrovers. Diese Besonderheit und Ausnahmestellung des Sportes lässt sich in Deutschland auch in der Disziplin Turnen und der dazu gehörenden Turnsprache beobachten, die sowohl hohe Aufmerksamkeit erregen als auch eng mit der deutschen Kultur und Geschichte verbunden sind. So hat das Turnen eine lange Tradition im deutschsprachigen Raum und ist allein schon wegen der Umstände seiner Popularisierung und der zugehörigen Turnterminologie besonders untersuchenswert. Am Beispiel des Turnens und der Turnsprache lassen sich mehrere sprachlich- soziokultureller Probleme untersuchen. Was war das Wesen des Turnens und der Turnsprache? Wie ist diese Sprache entstanden? Welche Aspekte der Systematik und Bezeichnungen der Turnübungen standen im Mittelpunkt? Welche Voraussetzungen stellte der Schöpfer der Turnsprache sich selbst bei der Bildung der Sprache? Diese Fragen sind Ausgangspunkt unserer Überlegungen.
Predmet interesa ovoga rada dvije su ustaljene sveze riječi koje su dio hrvatskoga pomorskog nazivlja, a u jeziku se često koriste s frazeološkim značenjem. U radu se analizira njihovo podrijetlo, moguća frazeološka značenja i konteksti u kojima se upotrebljavaju. Potencijalni frazemi uspoređuju se i s njihovim ruskim frazeološkim značenjskim ekvivalentima.
Ključne riječi: hrvatska frazeologija; ruska frazeologija; hrvatsko pomorsko nazivlje; potencijalni frazemi mali od palube i mali od kužine
This paper presents some results from a wider study which aims to define the features of German medical textbooks from a diachronic perspective. The medical textbook is presented here as a genre-class (Textsortenklasse) subsuming all texts written for didactic purposes in the field of medicine, i.e. texts aiming to present the theoretical and practical background required in this particular specialist professional field. Since the lingua franca of academic communication was Latin until the 18th century, the corpus used for this study mainly comprises surgery textbooks. The paper focuses solely on structural aspects of textbooks, seeking to show how these aspects functionally contribute to the realization of the general textual function and thereby constitute a historically established conventionalized scheme underlying genres. However, a thorough and effective description of a genre-class requires a much more extensive approach including more interrelated levels of analysis.