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The author points out that in making psychological films it is by no means always necessary to carefully conceal the fact that a film is being taken - which frequently involves very complicated technical arrangements - from the persons to be filmed. It is often possible to obtain results that are quite as good as those obtained using completely concealed apparatus, by careful subdivision and lighting of the room and by strongly directing the attention of the persons to other objects while the film is being taken. Two examples of this technique are shown, one taken from the field of child psychology and the other from the psychotherapy of adults.
The kinetic data of the hydrolysis of some serine peptides in diluted hydrochloric acid and in pure water and of the rearrangement of O-glycyl-DL-serine to glycyl-DL-serine were determined.
The hydrolysis of glycyl-DL-serine and DL-alanyl-DL-serine proceeds surprisingly rapidly in pure water as compared with the hydrolysis of those peptides in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid as well as the hydrolysis of glycyl-DL-alanine in purely aqueous solution. The O → N migration of the glycyl residue in O-glycyl-DL-serine which probably is an intermediate in the cleavage of glycyl-DL-serine in purely aqueous solution represents a three center reaction in which the nucleophilic attack on the O-peptide and peptide bond, respectively, involves a free basic amino group. The analogy between the serine peptide interconversion and the hydrolysis catalyzed by certain proteolytic enzymes is referred to.
Under the conditions of freeze drying are formed in hydrochloric acid solutions of DL-alanyl-DL-serine O-peptide and depsipeptide.
Nach Kultivierung von Enterococcus Stei mit 14C-markiertem 5-Chlor-, 5-Brom- oder 5-Jod-Uracil wurde aus den Zellen die DNS isoliert und hoch gereinigt. Durch UV-Bestrahlung dieser DNS in wäßriger Lösung werden die eingebauten 5-Halogen-Uracile photochemisch verändert. Beim Abbau dieser bestrahlten DNS findet man neben geringen Mengen nicht-identifizierter Photoprodukte als überwiegendes Strahlenprodukt nach Hydrolyse mit Perchlorsäure Uracil und nach fermentativem Abbau Uracildesoxyribosid. Die Dehalogenierung von BU und JU in der DNS verläuft in Abhängigkeit von der Bestrahlungsstärke etwa gleich schnell, während CU sehr viel langsamer dehalogeniert wird.
Die photochemische Dehalogenierung des BU erfolgt in der nativen DNS am leichtesten, weniger gut in der Hitze-denaturierten DNS und nur in geringem Maße in der Apurinsäure.
To begin with the author points out in a general way the importance of films for the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships and reviews the methods necessary for tac:uing this sort of work. Then, taking an exampie, he diseusses the genetic connections by considering the movement patterns of a number of Labrides and Bienniides that are weil documented by films and an unrelated species that imitates these movements.
A study on the effect of UV-irradiated polyuridylic acid on the incorporation of phenylalanine into the polypeptide precipitable through trichloroacetic acid, in a cell-free system from E. coli was made. Attempts were made to reactivate the UV-inactivated polyuridylic acid through hydrogen peroxide, uranyl acetate and visible light. We could show that polyuridylic acid irradiated at a dose of 1.2 ×105 ergs/mm2 could be completely reactivated, while the one irradiated at a higher dose of 2.4 ×105 ergs/mm2 could not be completely reactivated under the conditions of our experiment. We have studied the effects of hydrogen peroxide and uranyl acetate on UV-irradiated polyuridylic acid chemically as well. Our results altogether show that the photoreactivating effect of uranyl acetate and hydrogen peroxide is due to their ability to split the uracil dimers formed during UV-irradiation.