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The present study consists of two parts: The first part is made up of questions concerning the cognitive underpinnings of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. As this thesis framed schizophrenia as a multivariate problem, neural correlates to auditory verbal and visual hallucinations were investigated in the second part. The main finding is that vividness of mental imagery was increased in all putative high-risk groups as well as the patients themselves, compared with low-schizotypy controls. Therefore, it seems that vivid imagery is a trait rather than a state marker, and may be related to the genetic liability to develop schizophrenia. However, no evidence was found for a linear relationship between vividness of mental imagery and predisposition to hallucinate. Self-reported imagery vividness and predisposition to hallucinate did not depend on psychomotor speed or intelligence. In addition, individual psychopathology ratings did not correlate significantly with the mental imagery scores. Furthermore, the analysis of the control orientation and the degree of dysfunctional psychopathological status across the schizophrenia spectrum, showed an independence of control orientation and dysfunctional status from each other, as well as from other markers of schizophrenia or schizophrenic-like individuals. As a conclusion, external control orientation seems to be a symptom or a trait marker of schizophrenia. The results lead to the assumption that, beside schizophrenic individuals, first-degree relatives and schizotypy controls have some impairments and visible signs without suffering from the illness directly. This would lead to the further assumption that the illness schizophrenia is not only genetic but also dependent on environmental factors. In the second part of the study, we investigated anatomical and functional brain abnormalities in the schizophrenia patients compared with first-degree relatives and healthy controls. Here, the results followed the continuum of healthy controls, first-degree relatives and schizophrenic patients in the functional and anatomical data sets, and in the language lateralization. The decrease of lateralisation correlated with the severity of symptoms in the patient group. The investigation of visual hallucinations showed activity in higher visual areas during the experience of visual hallucinations in a schizophrenia patient and in a blindfolded subject. The activity in higher visual areas followed the boundaries of category-selective areas in both subjects. In contrast to the memory-related areas found in the schizophrenic patient experiencing visual hallucinations, we did not observe memory-related areas during visual hallucinations induced by blindfolding. This suggests that the neural mechanisms underlying hallucinations in schizophrenia are at least partly distinct from those operational in cortical deafferentation. It is proposed that individual differences in psychopathology, as well as neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning may provide further means to understand the complex and highly dynamic aspects of hallucinations specifically and schizophrenia in general. The enlargement of the subject sample to high-schizotypy controls and first-degree relatives of patients allowed new insights into the mental imagery debate and the dysfunctional connectivity pattern known to be responsible for psychotic symptoms. Further topics of research are discussed.