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Le constitutionnalisme est un phénomène relativement récent dans l’histoire des institutions politiques. Il a émergé au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années du XVIIIe siècle, à la suite de deux révolutions menées avec succès contre le pouvoir en place, la première dans les colonies anglaises d’Amérique du Nord, la seconde en France. Immédiatement perçu comme une avancée majeure, le constitutionnalisme n’a pas tardé à exercer également son pouvoir d’attraction en dehors des pays où il est apparu. Partout en Europe, et ensuite dans d’autres parties du monde, des tentatives pour mettre en place des constitutions modernes virent le jour. Tout le XIXe siècle fut traversé par les luttes pour une constitution, et le XXe siècle fut une période de sérieux revers, avant qu’au tournant du XXIe siècle, le constitutionnalisme ne finisse par accéder à une reconnaissance mondiale. De nos jours, seule une poignée d’États, parmi les quelque deux cents que compte le monde, ne possède pas de constitution. ...
One of the current trends in international law scholarship is the question of which influences specific legal cultures have on the understanding of international law. This contribution will trace the conditions of a German perspective and analyse the debate against the background of positive law. We will try to assess what the debate adds to the general theory of international law, how it fits into demands of legitimacy of international governance, and whether it contributes to a sensible reconstruction of current law. Furthermore, we try to develop our own perspective that matches the system of international law and is plausible in terms of international legal theory. For that purpose, we will first take It is probably in this context that the contention has to be understood that the ongoing debate on the constitutionalisation of public international law is particularly European, if not German. Whether or not this is the case is difficult to investigate with a lawyer’s tools. However, the idea that international law is the constitution of mankind has found many adherents in German legal writings. This contribution will trace the conditions of a German perspective and analyse the debate against the background of positive law. We will try to assess what the debate adds to the general theory of international law, how it fits into demands of legitimacy of international governance, and whether it contributes to a sensible reconstruction of current law. Furthermore, we try to develop our own perspective that matches the system of international law and is plausible in terms of international legal theory. For that purpose, we will first take up the debate and find its place in the landscape of international legal theory. In this context, we try to shed light on the central concepts used or presupposed when constitutionalisation is discussed by German-speaking scholars (see below, section B). Furthermore, we will discuss structures in positive law which are used as arguments in the debate (section C). Finally, we will try to give an account of constitutionalisation in terms of both sources doctrine and legal theory (section D), before drawing conclusions from the discussion (section E).