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¿Hacia dónde va Venezuela?
(2008)
Recién un amigo investigador, italiano radicado en Barcelona me visitó en Caracas. Después de unos diez días me comentó entusiasmado que nunca había visto en algún país del mundo tanta gente participar, discutir, manifestar, opinar e intentando aprender más que en Venezuela. Eso sin diferencia de clase, género o pertenencia étnica. "Nunca he visto la democracia tan viva como aquí", me dijo cuando se despidió. ...
Das kolumbianische Magazin "Semana" wählte den venezolanischen Präsidenten Hugo Chávez jüngst zum "Mann des Jahres 2005". Damit war Chávez der erste Ausländer, dem diese Auszeichnung zuteil wurde. Er habe, so die Begründung, die "politische Landkarte" Lateinamerikas grundlegend verändert und die Möglichkeit anderer zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen aufgezeigt. Dadurch sei Chávez zum inzwischen einflussreichsten Mann des Subkontinents avanciert. ...
In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat vor allem die Frage nach der Übernahme der (Staats-)Macht für Kontroversen innerhalb der Linken gesorgt. Ob der Staat übernommen wird, bis zu einem bestimmten Punkt mit staatlichen Institutionen zusammengearbeitet werden solle oder doch lieber jede Kooperation vermieden werden müsse, war ein zentraler Streitpunkt. Die Wahl verschiedener linker Regierungen in Lateinamerika, vor allem die Fälle Venezuelas und Boliviens, spielen eine zentrale Rolle. Mit der Wahl von Hugo Chávez zum Präsidenten Venezuelas und seiner Amtsübernahme Anfang 1999 begann ein Prozess wirksamer und auf eine sehr breite linke Bewegung gründender sozialer Transformationen, der die Linke zwingt, bestimmte tradierte Konzepte neu zu denken.
Venezuela steht wegen seiner großen Rohstoffreichtümer im Blickpunkt der Vereinigten Staaten. Aber das besondere Augenmerk der Hegemonialmacht gilt dem bolivarischen Prozeß in Venezuela, denn das Land spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Integration des Kontinents und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeiten für fundamentale Veränderungen, die Venezuelas internationale Politik anderen Ländern eröffnet. ...
Thirty four species of Zethus are enumerated from Venezuela, providing known and new locality records. Six new species are described: Z. rubioi and Z. vincenti in the subgenus Zethusculus, Z. carpenteri and Z. milleri in the subgenus Zethoides, and Z. bolivarensis and Z. yepezi in the nominate subgenus. A key to the species of Venezuela is provided. The distribution patterns of Zethus are discussed.
The genus Neocranaus Roewer, 1913 is revisited, its composition is expanded from two to five species and a new generic diagnosis is presented. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, type species of the genus, is redescribed. The genus Tolimaius Roewer, 1915 syn. nov. is considered as a junior subjective synonym of Neocranaus, its sole member being transferred to Neocranaus – N. pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov. – and redescribed here. The new combination Neocranaus laevifrons (Roewer, 1917) comb. nov. is proposed for Holocranaus laevifrons Roewer, 1917. The new species Neocranaus gladius Villarreal & Kury sp. nov. is described, from P.N.N. Yariguíes, Santander Department, Colombia. For the first time, the genital structure of this genus is illustrated. A key to the identification of the males of Neocranaus and some considerations about the reproductive biology of N. albiconspersus and N. pectinitibialis are presented.
We present a comprehensive revision of the pholcid spider collection of M.A. González-Sponga, who between 1998 and 2011 described 22 new genera and 51 new species of Pholcidae from Venezuela. In addition, we treat the pholcid material collected during three expeditions to Venezuela conducted between 2002 and 2020. Of González-Sponga’s pholcid taxa we recognize three genera and 24 species as valid. We describe 43 new species (all from males and females) in one new and 13 previously described genera; four genera are newly recorded for Venezuela. We describe the previously unknown females of 15 species, present new records for 46 previously described species, synonymize one genus and one species, and correct numerous minor errors in previous publications on Venezuelan pholcids. At the generic level, the Venezuelan pholcid fauna now appears fairly well known, but available data on distribution and endemism suggest that many species remain undiscovered and undescribed. Despite the obvious gaps, our data are congruent with previous studies on other taxa that have the highest levels of endemism in the Venezuelan Andes, the Coastal Ranges, and the Guyana Highlands. The Falcón Region in particular shows a complex mosaic of biogeographic relationships with other regions. We provide new biological data on numerous species. We document the first cases of evolutionary microhabitat shifts in the genera Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893 and Priscula Simon, 1893. We document several cases of close congeners sharing localities, usually in slightly to conspicuously different microhabitats, sometimes apparently in identical microhabitats. We document several cases of color polymorphism, mostly intersexual, in Metagonia conica (Simon, 1893) both intersexual and among males. We document further cases of two rare phenomena in Pholcidae: use of specific non-silken structures for retreats (in Pisaboa Huber, 2000) and egg parasitism (in Priscula).
Nocturnal multi-species roosts of Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) in a Neotropical lowland rainforest
(2021)
Tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are frequent predators on the forest floor of the Amazon rainforest. We report on five diurnal sympatric tiger beetle species belonging to the genera Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau and Poecilochila Rivalier in a terra firme rainforest in South Venezuela. We observed adult beetles for a full year and monitored their nocturnal roosts along two forest paths during the rainy season in 1998. We found up to four species communally roosting on low vegetation along the paths during the night. Multi-species roosts were more often observed than conspecific communal roosts. Although the individual composition of the nocturnal roosts changed frequently, distinct plants were used for several days to weeks. The most individual-rich roosts comprised 10 or 11 adult tiger beetles roosting on one leaf. Observed nocturnal roosts were dominated by O. angulipenis W. Horn and O. margineguttata (Dejean). Most mixed roosts included O. confusa (Dejean), O. angulipenis and O. margineguttata. Low abundances and size differences possibly facilitate the coexistence of these five tiger beetle species. The advantage of communal roosting during the rainy season is probably the reinforcement of their chemical defense.
The white coconut scale, Parlagena bennetti Williams, 1969 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is reported for the fi rst time on New Zealand fl ax, Phormium tenax J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), coconut, Cocos nucifera L., Manila palm, Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore, oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and an oil palm hybrid OxG: E. oleifera x E. guineensis (Arecaceae) in continental Colombia, and on coconut from Venezuela. Previously, P. bennetti was known only on the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and San Andres, causing serious damage to coconut, its only known host until now. A brief characterization of P. bennetti and an updated list of 23 species of scale insects of the family Diaspididae reported worldwide on Elaeis spp. is provided.
Mexiko und Venezuela
(2004)