Refine
Document Type
- Article (4)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (4)
Keywords
- community (4) (remove)
Institute
Functional modules of metabolic networks are essential for understanding the metabolism of an organism as a whole. With the vast amount of experimental data and the construction of complex and large-scale, often genome-wide, models, the computer-aided identification of functional modules becomes more and more important. Since steady states play a key role in biology, many methods have been developed in that context, for example, elementary flux modes, extreme pathways, transition invariants and place invariants. Metabolic networks can be studied also from the point of view of graph theory, and algorithms for graph decomposition have been applied for the identification of functional modules. A prominent and currently intensively discussed field of methods in graph theory addresses the Q-modularity. In this paper, we recall known concepts of module detection based on the steady-state assumption, focusing on transition-invariants (elementary modes) and their computation as minimal solutions of systems of Diophantine equations. We present the Fourier-Motzkin algorithm in detail. Afterwards, we introduce the Q-modularity as an example for a useful non-steady-state method and its application to metabolic networks. To illustrate and discuss the concepts of invariants and Q-modularity, we apply a part of the central carbon metabolism in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) as running example. The intention of the paper is to give a compact presentation of known steady-state concepts from a graph-theoretical viewpoint in the context of network decomposition and reduction and to introduce the application of Q-modularity to metabolic Petri net models.
As kindergartens and schools closed down during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, two hashtags emerged on Twitter: #CoronaEltern (#CoronaParents) and #CoronaElternRechnenAb (#CoronaParentsDocumentTheCosts). In this paper, we examine the positioning practices around both hashtags as expressions of “digital activism” (Joyce 2010: VIII). One characteristic of the hashtag campaign is that political demands are hardly ever made directly. Rather, the participants resort to five main linguistic patterns: (1) they address different target groups; (2) they refer to different protagonists; (3) in the subcorpus #CoronaEltern specifically, they constitute themselves as a collective through (4) the recurring use of first-person narratives; (5) and generalization and typification. Our findings show that #CoronaParents are not just parents in times of a pandemic: #CoronaParents are only those who see themselves as such, participating in an evolving, at times misunderstood community.
L’autor sosté que el que caracteritza les societats liberals democràtiques és un cert grau d’intersubjectivitati cohesió. Segons ells, els liberals coincideixen amb els comunitaristes aconsiderar que aquestes característiques només poden aparèixer en la forma de «comunitat».Partint d’aquesta coincidència, argumenta, primer, presentant un concepte mínim de comunitaten el qual tots els comunitaristes estarien d’acord i que conté, com a nucli, el supòsitque l’autorealització humana va unida a una praxi vital comunitària. Aquesta autorealitzaciórau en l’estimació mútua entre els qui viuen en societat. La qüestió és establir relacionsde solidaritat de manera que les capacitats de l’altre puguin fer possible l’enriquimentde la pròpia vida. El concepte mínim de comunitat postradicional es definirà finalmentcom aquesta forma de solidaritat que implica estimació mútua i que, alhora, uneix amb elsupòsit de valors compartits.