Refine
Year of publication
- 2020 (3) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (3)
Language
- English (3)
Has Fulltext
- yes (3)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (3) (remove)
Keywords
- Disintegration (1)
- Guided bone regeneration (GBR) (1)
- Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) (1)
- Inflammatory pattern (1)
- Integration (1)
- Mucomaix® matrix (1)
- anti-inflammatory agents (1)
- cellular reaction (1)
- collagen-based matrix (1)
- cranberry (1)
Institute
- Medizin (3)
Background and Objective: Macrophages’ cytokine expression and polarization play a substantial role in the host's “destructive” inflammatory response to periodontal and peri‐implant pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate cell viability, anti‐inflammatory activity, and macrophage polarization properties of different cranberry concentrates.
Methods: THP‐1 cells (monocytic line) were treated with phorbol myristic acid to induce macrophage differentiation. Human gingival fibroblasts (HFIB‐G cell line), osteosarcoma‐derived osteoblasts (SAOS‐2 cell line), and induced macrophages were treated with cranberry concentrates at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL for 120 seconds, 1 hour and 24 hours. Untreated cells at the same time points served as controls. For anti‐inflammatory analysis, induced macrophages exposed to cranberry concentrates (A‐type PACs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from E coli for 24 hours. Cell viability, interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐1 ß, IL‐6, and IL‐10 expression of LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and macrophage polarization markers were evaluated through determination of live‐cell protease activity, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining semi‐quantification.
Results: Cranberry concentrates (A‐type PACs) did not reduce HGF, SAOS‐2, and macrophage viability after 24 hours of exposure. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression (ie IL‐8 and IL‐6) was downregulated in LPS‐stimulated macrophages by cranberry concentrates at 50 and 100 µg/mL. Anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 expression was significantly upregulated in LPS‐stimulated macrophages by cranberry concentrates at 100 µg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. M1 polarization significantly decreased when LPS‐stimulated macrophages were exposed to cranberry concentrates. High levels of positive M1 macrophages were present in all untreated control groups. M2 polarization significantly increased at all LPS‐stimulated macrophages exposed to cranberry concentrates for 1 and 24 hours.
Conclusion: Cranberry‐derived proanthocyanidins may have the potential to act as an anti‐inflammatory component in the therapy of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular reaction to a xenogeneic resorbable collagen membrane of porcine origin using a subcutaneous implantation model in Wistar rats over 30 days.
Materials and methods: Ex vivo, liquid platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a leukocyte and platelet-rich cell suspension, was used to evaluate the blood cell membrane interaction. The material was implanted subcutaneously in rats. Sham-operated rats without biomaterial displayed physiological wound healing (control group). Histological, immunohistological, and histomorphometric analyses were focused on the inflammatory pattern, vascularization rate, and degradation pattern.
Results: The membrane induced a large number of mononuclear cells over the observation period, including lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts. After 15 days, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were observed on the biomaterial surface. Their number increased significantly, and they proceeded to the center of the biomaterial on day 30. These cells highly expressed CD-68, calcitonin receptor, and MMP-9, but not TRAP or integrin-ß3. Thus, the membrane lost its integrity and underwent disintegration as a consequence of the induction of MNGCs. The significant increase in MNGC number correlated with a high rate of vascularization, which was significantly higher than the control group. Physiological wound healing in the control group did not induce any MNGCs at any time point. Ex vivo blood cells from liquid-PRF did not penetrate the membrane.
Conclusion: The present study suggests a potential role for MNGCs in biomaterial degradation and questions whether it is beneficial to accept them in clinically approved biomaterials or focus on biomaterials that induce only mononuclear cells. Thus, further studies are necessary to identify the function of biomaterial-induced MNGCs.
Clinical relevance: Understanding the cellular reaction to biomaterials is essential to assess their suitability for specific clinical indications and outline the potential benefit of specific group of biomaterials in the respective clinical indications.
The permeability and inflammatory tissue reaction to Mucomaix® matrix (MM), a non- cross-linked collagen-based matrix was evaluated in both ex vivo and in vivo settings. Liquid platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a blood concentrate system, was used to assess its capacity to absorb human proteins and interact with blood cells ex vivo. In the in vivo aspect, 12 Wister rats had MM implanted subcutaneously, whereas another 12 rats (control) were sham-operated without biomaterial implantation. On days 3, 15 and 30, explantation was completed (four rats per time-point) to evaluate the tissue reactions to the matrix. Data collected were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons tests (GraphPad Prism 8). The matrix absorbed the liquid PRF in the ex vivo study. Day 3 post-implantation revealed mild tissue inflammatory reaction with presence of mononuclear cells in the implantation site and on the biomaterial surface (mostly CD68-positive macrophages). The control group at this stage had more mononuclear cells than the test group. From day 15, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were seen in the implantation site and the outer third of the matrix with marked increase on day 30 and spread to the matrix core. The presence of these CD68-positive MNGCs was associated with significant matrix vascularization. The matrix degraded significantly over the study period, but its core was still visible as of day 30 post-implantation. The high permeability and fast degradation properties of MM were highlighted.