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Neotropical Xiphocentronidae may have arrived in South America from Central America in the late Miocene or via the Greater Antilles land bridge during the Oligocene. This would give from 10 to 30 Mya of diversification of the family in South America. However, only 11 species were previously known from the Andean foothills. In this study, five new species are described from Peru, four of Xiphocentron (X. ashaninka sp. nov., X. harakbut sp. nov., X. matsigenka sp. nov., X. yine sp. nov.) and one of Machairocentron (M. amahuaca sp. nov.). The new species are most similar to species described from the Yungas of Argentina, and the Pacific dominion of Colombia and Venezuela. The association with species from the Pacific may suggest a species divergences prior to the major Andean uplift and the Amazon basin formation. The spine-like setae on the basal region of the inferior appendage of Xiphocentron were recognized as topologically homologous to the setal brushes on the ventral projection of Caenocentron. Furthermore, based on the morphology of male and female genitalia of Machairocentron, a mating position different from that described for Psychomyiidae is inferred.
Four new species of Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) Brauer, 1870 from the Atlantic forest are diagnosed, described and illustrated. All of them have a small mesal sclerite and a set of spines, differing in size, density and position, on the inner face of the inferior appendage. Moreover, tergum IX varies mostly in the shape of the posterior margin. Four species are described as new for science. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) copacabana sp. nov. is distinguished mainly by the projected basoventral margin of the inferior appendage, the spines are clustered in two regions and the quadrate posterior region of tergum IX. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) maracanan sp. nov is differentiated by the inferior appendage, with a strongly angled apical region of 90º. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) redentor sp. nov. differs by the inferior appendage, with a linear row of thick spines, and the tergum IX, with a posterior margin forming smoothly rounded lobes. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) tijuca sp. nov. is diagnosed by the subbasal region of the preanal appendage, which is markedly projected medially, and by the inferior appendage, which is thin subapically, enlarged apically and strongly bent dorsad.
Description of three new species of Caledomina (Insecta, Trichoptera, Ecnomidae) from New Caledonia
(2017)
Three new species of Caledomina Johanson, 2011 are described and illustrated for the first time: C. paniensis sp. nov., C. dorsospina sp. nov. and C. kohensis sp. nov. A key to the males of the four known species in the genus is given, as well as a map indicating their geographical distribution. When examining a phylogenetic hypothesis comprising the four species, we see an increased complexity in younger species compared to older species.