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Im Folgenden wird die Hypothese vorgestellt, dass Johann Nestroy (1801–1862) - der populäre Wiener Volksdramatiker, Volksschauspieler und Theaterdirektor - in seinem Unterhaltungstheater das bürgerliche Subjekt und seine Kultur dekonstruiert. Damit einher geht die Entlarvung der ideologisch aufgeladenen bürgerlichen Geschlechterordnung als soziale Konstruktion. Diese Annahmen werden anhand dreier Possen erläutert: 'Eine Wohnung ist zu vermiethen …' (Uraufführung 1837), 'Liebesgeschichten und Heurathssachen' (UA 1843) und 'Das Gewürzkrämer-Kleeblatt' (UA 1845).
Anhand von Gustav Freytags Roman 'Soll und Haben' analysiert Stullich den Parasiten als eine Figur, die in einer Überschneidung biologischer, ökonomischer und politischer Diskursfelder als eine den Staatskörper schädigende und somit eine biopolitische Katastrophe verursachende Gefahr wahrgenommen wurde. Während also Naturereignisse oder technische Störfälle mit zerstörerischer und tödlicher Wirkung gerade im alltäglichen Verständnis naheliegenderweise als Katastrophen bezeichnet werden, können katastrophische Szenarien gerade in politischen Diskursen als Denkfigur genutzt werden, um bestimmte Ideologien rhetorisch tragfähig zu machen.
This article takes a new look at the novels of the Austrian Jewish writer Adolf Dessauer (1849-1916). Dessauer wrote an ironic chronicle of his contemporaries' world in turn-of-the-century Vienna. A banker by profession and an amateur novelist, he published two novels in his lifetime ("Götzendienst", in 1896, and "Großstadtjuden", in 1910), both taking place in the Habsburg capital, which was then undergoing a process of rapid economic and social change. Though his books are nowadays virtually forgotten, Dessauer was a very accurate chronicler of the customs of the social class which ascended with economic liberalism, and which became increasingly close to the empire's declining aristocracy, mimicking its tastes and habits.
As opposed to what happened in other European nations, the bourgeoisie in the Habsburg Empire never attempted to construct its own aesthetic and cultural repertoire, but consistently imitated the aristocratic patterns of its time. Dessauer makes a biting and ironical portrait of this class and its attempt at aristocratic appearances.
He also shows how Karl Lueger's Christian anti-Semitic party in Austria recruited its voters from the impoverished class of artisans, which had lost space as a consequence of the establishment of a new economic order. Lueger's political campaign was directed towards this growing class, and he identified the rise of liberal capitalism with Jews and Judaism.
In "Großstadtjuden" Dessauer looks at the same phenomena, but does so from a strictly Jewish point of view. His second novel portrays the reactions of a number of Jewish families from Vienna to rising anti-Semitism. This historical aspect of the Viennese Jewish community, which was Europe's numerically largest after Warsaw's, is a striking prelude to the history of European Jewry in the 20th.century, thus giving Dessauer's work an unexpected afterlife.