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O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção de imagens discursivas de aprendizes em sumários e em atividades contidas em livros didáticos de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE), e de que modo essas construções antecipam que tipo de inserção esse aprendiz teria de/poderia ocupar nessa comunidade de produção/circulação de textos na língua alvo. Nesse sentido, o quadro teórico se constrói a partir da articulação entre a perspectiva polifônica da linguagem (BAKHTIN 2011), a noção de práticas discursivas (FOUCAULT 2004; MAINGUENEAU 2008) e o disciplinamento de saberes (FOUCAULT 2002), considerando a relevância de tal articulação para uma crítica à Linguística Aplicada a partir de Rocha e Daher (2015). Por meio das análises de livros didáticos de ALE, observamos a construção de imagens de aprendiz que parece retirá-lo das situações de interação, considerando-o mero espectador, que se ocupará de repetir sentenças e estruturas determinadas por uma simulação artificial de situações comunicativas, mais do que permitir a ele espaços de interação e de inserção nessas situações. Além disso, os materiais comunicam uma imagem de aprendiz-consumidor-turista, interessado em aprender a língua para fazer viagens, realidade essa distante da brasileira.
Das Spiel, die Maskerade und andere Elemente des Karnevals sind Fixpunkte in beinahe allen Texten von Felicitas Hoppe. Sie tauchen aber nicht nur auf inhaltlicher Ebene auf, sondern sie sind zudem wesentliche Bestandteile des ästhetischformalen Erzählprogramms der Autorin. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll unter Berücksichtigung von Michail Bachtins Konzepten der Dialogizität und Polyfonie das karnevaleske Moment in Felicitas Hoppes Erzählwerk, vor allem in den Romanen 'Paradiese, Übersee' (2003), 'Johanna' (2006), und 'Hoppe' (2012) herausgearbeitet werden und zwar auf Ebene des Sujets, der Sprache und der Textgattung. Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, sei vorangestellt, dass das Motiv des Karnevals von seiner Anlage her keine bewusste narrative Strategie darstellt (auch wenn es durchaus als solches eingesetzt werden kann). Statt einer autorzentrierten Interpretation soll daher die 'Karnevalisierung' der Literatur ganz im Sinne Michail Bachtins als Traditionslinie und Textdynamik begriffen werden, die flexibel ist und die Individualität der einzelnen Autorinnen und Autoren in keinster Weise tangiert beziehungsweise formal einengt.
This edited volume is the first scholarly tome exclusively dedicated to Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the literary chronotope. This concept, initially developed in the 1930s and used as a frame of reference throughout Bakhtin’s own writings, has been highly influential in literary studies. After an extensive introduction that serves as a ‘state of the art’, the volume is divided into four main parts: Philosophical Reflections, Relevance of the Chronotope for Literary History, Chronotopical Readings and Some Perspectives for Literary Theory. These thematic categories contain contributions by well-established Bakhtin specialists such as Gary Saul Morson and Michael Holquist, as well as a number of essays by scholars who have published on this subject before. Together the papers in this volume explore the implications of Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope for a variety of theoretical topics such as literary imagination, polysystem theory and literary adaptation; for modern views on literary history ranging from the hellenistic romance to nineteenth-century realism; and for analyses of well-known novelists and poets as diverse as Milton, Fielding, Dickinson, Dostoevsky, Papadiamandis and DeLillo
The aim of this introductory article [to the volume of the same title], firstly, is to recapitulate the basic principles of Bakhtin’s initial theory as formulated in “Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel: Notes toward a Historical Poetics” (henceforth FTC) and “The Bildungsroman and its Significance in the History of Realism (Toward a Historic Typology of the Novel)” (henceforth BSHR). Subsequently, we present some relevant elaborations of Bakhtin’s initial concept and a number of applications of chronotopic analysis, closing our state of the art by outlining two perspectives for further investigation. Some of the issues which we touch upon receive more detailed treatment in other contributions to this volume. Others may offer perspectives for future Bakhtin scholarship.