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NGO brokers between local needs and global norms: trajectories of development actors in Burkina Faso
(2021)
Local NGO brokers in Africa and beyond negotiate and mediate between (inter)national donors and potential beneficiaries within their communities. They translate local needs into development projects to make them suitable for international donors. This article looks at two main conditions that influence their work: First, windows of opportunity, which open and close according to structures and institutions beyond their sphere of influence; and second, their personality and skills. Based on two case studies from Burkina Faso, this article offers insights into biographies and life stories of such brokers where engagement leads to a distinguished lifestyle that contains aspects of cosmopolitanism and distinctiveness.
NGO brokers between local needs and global norms: trajectories of development actors in Burkina Faso
(2021)
Local NGO brokers in Africa and beyond negotiate and mediate between (inter)national donors and potential beneficiaries within their communities. They translate local needs into development projects to make them suitable for international donors. This article looks at two main conditions that influence their work: First, windows of opportunity, which open and close according to structures and institutions beyond their sphere of influence; and second, their personality and skills. Based on two case studies from Burkina Faso, this article offers insights into biographies and life stories of such brokers where engagement leads to a distinguished lifestyle that contains aspects of cosmopolitanism and distinctiveness.
This article explores and discusses one of the main findings of the author’s recent dissertation, namely that parents’ and pupils’ choice of language of instruction in formal schooling depends on its social prestige. The author first reviews the latest research on language in education in sub-Saharan Africa, and asks why indigenous languages are so rarely used in formal schooling in this region, despite political demands for their greater use and ample scientific research showing their positive effects. Burkina Faso exemplifies this seemingly contradictory situation. Indigenous languages and French are complementary in formal and non-formal schooling as well as in areas of informal education; however, a closer look at the areas of application of each language reveals that indigenous languages have lower prestige than French, as well as lower expected and required outcomes. This is one possible explanation for the low usage rates of indigenous languages in formal schooling and reveals the extent to which the choice of language of instruction depends on its social prestige.
Au Burkina Faso, les unités d’aménagements forestiers (UAFs) sont confrontées à une forte pression anthropique qui cause la dégradation des ressources ligneuses dont Vitellaria paradoxa est l’une des espèces surexploitées. Afin de con- tribuer à la gestion durable de ces UAFs, il s’avère nécessaire d’analyser l’impact des pressions anthropiques sur la phytodi- versité et la dynamique de Vitellaria paradoxa. Ainsi, des facteurs tels que l’agriculture, la coupe illégale de bois, le pâturage et les feux non autorisé ont été évalués dans l’UAF 2, l’UAF B et l’UAF C, où des inventaires forestiers ont été conduits. Les résultats montrent que le pâturage et les feux non autorisé ont été les facteurs les plus fréquents dans les UAFs, sur- tout dans l’UAF C (> 90%) alors que les autres facteurs ont été plus abondants dans l’UAF 2. La phytodiversité mesu- rée est presque similaire dans les trois UAFs avec toutefois des indices de diversité plus élevés dans l’UAF 2. La struc- ture de Vitellaria paradoxa montre une prédominance d’individus jeunes dans les UAFs et des densités plus élevées dans l’UAF C tandis que sa régénération est plus importante dans l’UAF 2. L’état sanitaire de l’espèce est globalement satis- faisant bien que la principale menace soit l’infestation des Loranthaceae qui a été plus importante dans l’UAF 2 (7%). L’exploitation durable des UAFs nécessite la mise en œuvre d’un programme de conservation avec une forte implication des populations riveraines.
Since the last comprehensive publication on Burkina Faso’s flora, further species have been documented in publications and online resources. These thirteen species are listed here with notes on ecology, use and distribution. The number of vascular plants known for Burkina Faso has therefore reached 2080 species.
Edible wild plants are an important supplement to the diets and livelihoods of rural households in West Africa. Despite their role in improving diets, mitigating famine periods and generating income there is a lack of extensive information on their uses for broader areas. Based on ethnobotanical records, we investigated wild food plants on the national scale of Burkina Faso, to provide a comprehensive overview of all edible plants, their taxonomy, plant parts and preparations. Our study revealed a relatively high number of 354 edible wild species, representing 66 plant families, with Fabaceae and Poaceae being the most species rich. Almost one third of these species have two to four edible plant parts. The number of species with edible fruits ranked highest, followed by seeds, leaves, starchy underground storage organs and others. Overall, the results underline that wild plant species contribute considerably to nutrition and the database compiled in this study constitutes a good basis for further evaluations of the potential of edible plants in Burkina Faso.
Literatur- und Fremdsprachendidaktik : zur Rolle des Theaters im Deutschunterricht in Burkina Faso
(2017)
Die Verwendung der Belletristik im Fremdsprachenunterricht trägt dazu bei, sprachliche und kulturelle Kompetenzen zu erwerben. Da die Sprechfertigkeit eine der sechs Grundkompetenzen im DaF-Unterricht ist, ist ihr Erlernen eine grundlegende und unverzichtbare Aufgabe im Fach "Deutsch als Fremdsprache" in und außerhalb Deutschlands. Deshalb versucht dieser Aufsatz, die Potenziale des Theaters auszuloten, um diese Grundkompetenz bei den Deutschlernenden in Burkina Faso zu entwickeln. Es geht also darum, die Möglichkeiten des Theaters als literarische fiktionale Gattung beim Spracherwerb der burkinischen Deutschlernenden zu bestimmen. Darüber hinaus wird dargestellt, inwiefern ein Theaterstück in einer "classe de première" bzw. einer 11. Klasse Unterrichtsgegenstand sein sollte und literaturdidaktisch aufbereitet werden kann. Dafür werden Theorien und Methoden der Theaterdidaktik sowie der rezeptionsästhetischen Literaturdidaktik verwendet und an einem Beispiel illustriert.
Understanding land cover degradation patterns and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity is important for guiding management decisions and restoration strategies in the Sahelian vulnerables zones. This paper describes land cover degradation by combining Landsat TM image analysis and field data measurements in the Gourouol catchment of the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. Erdas Imagine 9.2 and Arc-GIS.10 were applied. The change patterns were obtained by superposing land cover maps for 1992 and 2010. The field data were collected by the mean of inventories according to the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological relevés methods. Plot sizes were 50 m x 20 m for woody species and 10 m x 10 m for herbaceous species. Six land cover types were identified and mapped: cultivated lands, bared lands, lowlands, which all spatially increased; and shrub-steppes, grasslands and water bodies, which all spatially decreased. The dynamic patterns based on the geomorphological units were non-degraded lowlands, stable sand dunes and degraded glacis. High plant diversity was found in lowlands, whereas low diversity occurred in glacis. A significant dissimilarity was observed between communities. The Shannon diversity indices in plant communities were approximately close to ln(species richness). The Pielou indices were close to 1, indicating a species fairly good distribution. Our results showed a variation of land cover over time and the effects of geomorphological units on phytodiversity. Furthermore, this variation helps oppose land degradation in the Sahel.
Ebola in Liberia, Sierra Leone und Guinea; Boko Haram in Nigeria; Revolution in Burkina Faso. Politische Entwicklungen in Westafrika sind Teil der täglichen Berichterstattung in Deutschland. Diese Ereignisse bieten Anlass, sich mit den politischen Strukturen und potentiellen Entwicklungen der Regime in Westafrika zu beschäftigen. In fünf westafrikanischen Ländern sind 2015 Präsidentschaftswahlen geplant. Nigeria macht am 28. März den Anfang. Es folgen dann Togo (Mitte April), Burkina Faso, Guinea und Côte d’Ivoire (alle im Oktober).
Dieser Beitrag ist der Beginn einer vierteiligen Serie zu diesen Wahlen. Im ersten Teil werden allgemeine Trends der Regimeentwicklung in Westafrika vorgestellt und eine Analyse der Situation in Nigeria präsentiert. Im zweiten Teil geht es dann um die Wahlen in Togo, im dritten um die Wahlen im Oktober und schließlich im letzten Teil um einen Vergleich der fünf Wahlprozesse.