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O modo como a mídia representa migrantes e refugiados desempenha um papel importante na percepção e recepção desse grupo em seu novo país (Ferreira/ Flister, 2019). Este estudo visa a problematizar o olhar da mídia online sobre imigração e refúgio no quadro de uma discussão sobre o tema a partir de uma perspectiva teórica da linguística cognitiva, por meio da análise de metáforas conceituais utilizadas por dois jornais online (um brasileiro e outro alemão) em torno da conceitualização do termo 'refúgio' ('Flucht' em alemão). Este estudo foi desenvolvido com apoio de metodologia da linguística de corpus. Nosso objetivo é contrastar os usos linguísticos em dois contextos culturais e pragmáticos distintos, i.e. a cultura brasileira e a cultura alemã respectivamente, por meio da análise de mapeamentos metafóricos sobre refúgio e imigração na mídia online através de enquadramentos metafóricos presentes nesses jornais. Algumas questões que pretendemos responder são: Que frames e que metáforas surgem na mídia online brasileira e alemã, a exemplo dos jornais online "Folha de São Paulo" (FSP), no Brasil, e o jornal online "Frankfurter Allgemeine Online" (FaZ) na Alemanha, para representar o conceito refúgio? Quais são suas implicações? Os resultados apontaram o uso de frames e metáforas do domínio experiencial DESASTRES/ FENÔMENOS NATURAIS com conotação negativa como 'ondas de imigração', 'avalanche imigratória', 'Flüchtlingsströme' ('correntes de refugiados') e 'Flüchtlingsbestie' ('monstro refugiado').
In diesem Beitrag wird korpusbasiert, qualitativ und aus kontrastiver Sicht anhand ausgewählter Einzelbeispiele untersucht, welchen Beitrag die Frame-Semantik bei der Analyse konzeptueller Metaphern im aktuellen Migrationsdiskurs in der deutschen und italienischen Presse leisten kann. Sie macht es möglich, unterschiedliche Perspektivierungen bei der Betrachtung des Phänomens herauszukristallisieren, da semantische Frames ein facettenreiches Angebot für den Blickwinkel der Betrachtung bereitstellen. Auch Metaphern selbst besitzen diese Eigenschaft der Perspektivierung, vor allem auch solche, die charakteristisch für einen kulturspezifischen Kontext stehen. Zu den Möglichkeiten, die der Einsatz von Metaphern bietet, zählt vor allem der "Highlighting und Hiding"-Effekt (LAKOFF/JOHNSON 1980), indem Metaphern bestimmte Aspekte betonen oder verdunkeln. Um welche es sich dabei im Einzelnen handelt, hängt von mehreren Faktoren ab, wie zum Beispiel der politischen Orientierung von Journalisten oder Politikern oder der wirtschaftlichen Lage eines Landes.
The writer Lion Feuchtwanger makes an appeal against World War I with two dramatic adaptations of ancient texts: 'Die Perser des Aischylos' ('Aeschylus' Persians'), and – based on two works by Aristophanes – 'Friede' (‘Peace’). Feuchtwanger uses metaphors in various parts of these plays to express emotions concerning the war (across the spectrum of human emotions). These metaphors function as instruments for reinforcing the intended criticism of war in both works.
Von Glaubenskämpfen und Himmelfahrtskommandos : Metaphorik im deutschen Mediendiskurs zur Inklusion
(2016)
Das traditionelle deutsche Schulsystem ist durch seinen hohen Grad an Selektivität gekennzeichnet. Dennoch hat sich Deutschland im Jahr 2008 zu einem inklusiven Bildungssystem verpflichtet. Diese Entscheidung führte zu einer kontroversen Diskussion in den Medien, die bis heute anhält. Aus Sicht der Kognitiven Linguistik (KL) lässt sich in dieser Mediendebatte ein beträchtlicher Gebrauch von Kriegs- und Religionsmetaphern konstatieren. Im Rahmen einer Kritischen Diskursanalyse (KDA) werden in dem vorliegenden Artikel diese metaphorischen Phänomene auf Basis der Theorie der Konzeptuellen Integration analysiert. Das Korpus setzt sich aus Artikeln zusammen, die zwischen 2011 und 2015 in vier Online-Zeitungen nationaler Bedeutung veröffentlicht wurden.
The present study aims to investigate how foreign language learners at the German for Academic Purposes (GAP) program at a Brazilian federal university interact in their mother tongue about their motivations to learn a foreign language as well as their motivations to participate in study abroad programs. Data were collected using focus group methodology with three focus groups of six students each (A1, A2 and B1 levels). We chose to analyze the A1 group. We conducted metaphor-led discourse analysis of the data in order to examine metaphors and metonymies, which emerged in the focus group interactions. We were able to identify the presence of systematic metaphors such as learning is hard work and learning is jumping hurdles, intertwined with conceptual metaphors such as education is a journey and difficulties are weights, which point at the motivation for learning verbalized by Brazilian foreign language learners who took part in the study.
No presente artigo, apresentamos a rede polissêmica da preposição alemã "über", que é resultante da pesquisa produzida para a dissertação de mestrado. Como base teórica, fizemos uso dos preceitos da linguística cognitiva, mais especificamente dos estudos de polissemia que se baseiam na semântica cognitiva. Para definir a rede semântica polissêmica, utilizamos o modelo de Polissemia Sistemática apresentado por Andrea Tyler e Vyvyan Evans na obra "The semantics of English prepositions – spatial scenes, embodied meaning and cognition" (2003) e o adaptamos para a análise da preposição "über". Neste artigo, exporemos os significados mais produtivos para esta preposição.
The article focuses on the current state of research in simultaneous interpreting (SI), comparing cognitive pragmatic models with cognitive linguistic approaches. The author offers an objective list of the advantages and disadvantages of the cognitive linguistic approach and other models currently used in SI. The aim of the article is not to present a one-sidedly positive assessment of the cognitive linguistic approach, but instead to arrive at a balanced evaluation of the individual approaches and the possibilities offered by the models under investigation. The author also points out further approaches that could be characterized as covertly cognitive.
The aim of this article is to explore semantic relations within somatic phraseology using concepts from cognitive linguistics and prototype theory. The typicality or atypicality of representatives of the category of somatic phraseologisms is determined on the basis of 12 features of idiom irregularity according to Dobrovoľskij. The analysis results in a table of "good" and "bad" representatives of the category. Individual parameters are evaluated, but the value of individual criteria is also considered. This method makes it possible to determine the status of individual somatic phraseologisms with regard to each other, as well as the entire group of somatisms against other phraseologisms. The results enable conclusions to be drawn regarding the degree of motivatedness of somatisms.
For reasons of space, we only discussed one text in which the metaphors used seem to take their root in the context in which it has been written. One text is definitely not enough to make any definite claims on how widespread this phenomenon is. Given what we know about the two domains - Food and taste - one has reasons to believe that when speakers/conceptualisers (e.g. journalists) describe something which stands in some relation to both, they may intuitively be reaching for taste metaphors of the kind described above on the premise that this kind of ‘ornamentation’ will add some spice to what the addressee might otherwise consider a trivial (and boring) topic. At the same time, taste is only one among many properties a particular item of food or a substance (e.g. sugar) has. In consequence, one may well imagine contexts in which it is not its taste, but other properties (e.g. what Harbottle [1997:183] refers to as its 'pure white and deadly’ image) that will make the conceptualiser reach for a particular linguistic or conceptual metaphor.
The cognitive framework seems to comply with the need of interdisciplinary outlook on the issue of emotions, as it itself draws upon findings of psychological, anthropological and philosophical research. Along with undertaking further studies on the conceptualization of emotions in different languages, from the detailed analysis of the repertoire of linguistic means used for talking about emotions to investigation into tendencies to use metaphors or metonymies to talk about emotions, some broader conclusions could be drawn. The greatest challenge seems to be establishing whether there are any cultural (social, economical, conventional, political, religious) conditions that may influence the relevant changes in conceptualizing emotions in different languages and whether it is possible to point to any laws or regularities that would govern these changes.