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İletişimin yeni medya aracılığı ile sesli ve görüntülü olarak yapılabiliyor olması eğitimde birçok kolaylığı beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu yeni iletişim ve eğitim şeklinin günden güne insanların hayatına daha çok girmesiyle uzaktan eğitimde nitelik kavramı ve didaktik uygulamaları tartışılmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkmasıyla eğitim ve öğretimin devamlılığını sağlamak için 2020 yılında birçok ülkede uzaktan eğitime geçilmiştir. Uzaktan eğitimin bu büyüklükteki bir kitleye daha önce uygulanmamış olması bazı olumsuzlukları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yüz yüze eğitimden kısa bir süre içinde uzaktan eğitime geçiş yapılması gerek öğreticileri gerekse öğrenenleri birtakım yeniliklerle karşı karşıya bırakmıştır. Bu yeniliklerle birlikte çevrimiçi sesli ve görüntülü iletişim araçlarının eğitimde daha aktif olarak kullanılması söz konusu olmuştur. Birtakım sebeplerle eş zamanlı uzaktan eğitimde, iletişim araçlarının kapalı şekilde olmalarından faydalanılmıştır. Bu durum etkili bir iletişim ortamının gerçekleşmesini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Mevcut çalışmada etkili bir eşzamanlı uzaktan eğitimde iletişimin önemi ve iletişimsel süreçleri etkileyen faktörler, ilgili alanyazın doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada iletişim kavramı ve modelleri, sözlü ve sözsüz iletişim, eğitimde iletişim, yabancı dil eğitiminde iletişim ve uzaktan eğitimde iletişim gibi kavramlar üzerinde durularak, sesli ve görüntülü iletişim türlerinin uzaktan eğitim için iletişim anlamında taşıyacakları önem ve gereklilik tartışılmıştır.
Bevor ich auf meine eigene Lehre zu sprechen komme, möchte ich eine kleine Akzentverschiebung vornehmen und hoffe, damit vielleicht doch noch einen neuen Punkt in die Diskussion einbringen zu können. Am Anfang meiner Ausführungen steht eine hochschuldidaktische Perspektive, die dazu beitragen soll, nicht vorrangig die technische Umsetzung oder praktische Planung von asynchronen Lernphasen zu beleuchten, sondern die Aufmerksamkeit auf Lernprozesse zu lenken. Als Frage formuliert: Was motiviert die Lernenden zum Lernen? Das betrifft nicht nur die digitale Lehre. Ich schließe damit an die Debatten der Hochschuldidaktik an, die sich in den letzten Dekaden zum Ziel gesetzt haben, die Aktivität von Lernenden zu steigern. Zentral ist dabei die Wende vom Lehren zum Lernen – bzw. vom teaching zum learning, wie es in der international geführten Debatte heißt. Wesentlich für diesen Paradigmawechsel ist das neue Interesse am studentischen Lernprozess: die Studierendenzentrierung. Übernimmt man als Dozierender Verantwortung für den ganzen Lernprozess und nicht nur für den Ablauf des Seminars, dann ergibt sich ein fundamental neues Selbstverständnisfür Lehrende.
In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse von zwei Experimenten präsentiert: Einerseits werden didaktische Strategien aus der Perspektive ihrer Attraktivität und Innovation analysiert, die im Rahmen eines Sommer-Schnell-Deutschkurses in der Presse zur Popularisierung der deutschen Sprache eingesetzt wurden. Andererseits wird dargelegt, welchen Effekt solche Strategien in einer realen Experimentiersituation mit Deutsch-Lernenden auf ihre Motivation, ihr Verständnis und andere Aspekte des Deutschlernens im Vergleich zu "klassischen" Materialien wie z. B. Lehrwerken hatten. Dabei werden verschiedene Spezifika und
Bedürfnisse der Lernenden in Betracht gezogen.
Habituelle Grundlagen des Studierverhaltens. Annäherungen an die Bedingungen universitären Lernens
(2019)
Der vorliegende Band fragt nach "Erwachsenenbildung und Lernen in Zeiten von Globalisierung, Transformation und Entgrenzung." Die damit beschriebenen Veränderungen können Anlass sein, neue pädagogische Konzepte zur Unterstützung des Lernens von Erwachsener an verschiedenen Lernorten und in unterschiedlichen institutionellen Kontexten zu entwickeln. Sie können aber auch Ausgangspunkt für empirische Studien sein, die sich mit den spezifischen Bedingungen und Formen des Lernens von Erwachsener befassen. Anknüpfend an die Diagnose einer Entgrenzung bzw. Vervielfältigung der Lernorte widmet sich die Erwachsenenbildungsforschung zunehmend auch der Untersuchung der Formen und Bedingungen des Lernens Erwachsener jenseits der klassischen Institutionen der Weiterbildung. Damit kommen auch andere Lernorte – etwa das Lernen am Arbeitsplatz, im Verein, im Rahmen bürgerschaftlichen Engagements und nicht zuletzt auch an der Universität – in den Blick. Durch die empirische Untersuchung des hochschulischen Lehrens und Lernens kann die Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft somit auch einen Beitrag zur Analyse des Lebenslangen Lernens leisten (Rhein 2015).
Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet das Erwachsenenlernen anhand einer Studie zum Studierverhalten an der Universität. Der Fokus wird dabei auf die habituellen Bedingungen des Studierens gelegt. Die Ergebnisse weisen aber darauf hin, das Wechselverhältnis zwischen individuellen Lernvoraussetzungen und institutionellen Möglichkeitsräumen stärker in den Blick zu nehmen.
Bei der zusammenfassenden Analyse unterschiedlicher empirischer Qualifikations- und Forschungsprojekte mit ganz unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen und Erkenntnisinteressen (vgl. Nittel, Schütz, Tippelt 2014; Burkart, Meyer, Stemmer 2016; Meyer 2017; Nittel, Tippelt 2018) zeigt sich sehr deutlich immer wieder ein und dasselbe Phänomen: In den beruflichen Selbstbeschreibungen von pädagogisch Tätigen aus der Elementar- wie der Primarbildung, der Sekundarstufe I und II, der Sozialpädagogik, der Erwachsenenbildung und den Hochschulen nehmen die Begriffe Begleiten und Begleitung eine zentrale Stellung ein. ...
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus der Sicht des Subjekts mit Transformationen und nimmt die dabei (potentiell) stattfindenden Bildungsprozesse in den Blick. Diese werden im spezifischen Kontext des Übergangs in die Hochschule empirisch analysiert. Durch diesen Fokus wird es möglich, unterschiedliche Facetten von transformatorischer Bildung sowie Hinweise auf selbstbezogene Veränderungen in den Eigentheorien der Subjekte herauszuarbeiten. Darüber hinaus lässt sich die Funktion dieses spezifischen Übergangs als Generator solcher Bildungsprozesse rekonstruieren.
Vor diesem Hintergrund werden folgende Fragestellungen bearbeitet, die über ihren Bezug zur subjektiven Gestaltung des Übergangs miteinander verbunden sind:
Welche Dimensionen charakterisieren den Übergang in die Hochschule aus Sicht der Betroffenen?
Welche selbstbezogenen Veränderungen lassen sich in den Eigentheorien der Befragten identifizieren?
Um einen Beitrag zur Diskussion dieser Fragestellungen zu leisten, wird zunächst das Forschungsfeld der Hochschullandschaft dargestellt. Nach der Rahmung der zentralen theoretischen Konzepte wird das Forschungsdesign erläutert, auf dessen Ergebnissen der vorliegende Beitrag beruht. Dem schließen sich die zentralen empirischen Ergebnisse sowie deren Rückkopplung an den Forschungsstand an.
De la productivité de l'erreur en contexte pédagogique 'kairos', abduction et poétique du cours
(2017)
In this paper we shall examine how error can constitute an occasion of improving the context of learning. Taking error into account, trying to understand and follow the way that led the student to make it, the Professor betters his empathy. Hence, thanks to this mimicry, the Professor enters into the student's process of thinking and the poetics of the course becomes more inclusive. Turning error into "kairos", the course truly becomes a moment of collective individuation.
Interactional niche in the development of geometrical and spatial thinking in the familial context
(2016)
In the analysis of mathematics education in early childhood it is necessary to consider the familial context, which has a significant influence on development in early childhood. Many reputable international research studies emphasize that the more children experience mathematical situations in their families, the more different emerging forms of participation occur for the children that enable them to learn mathematics in the early years. In this sense mathematical activities in the familial context are cornerstones of children’s mathematical development, which is also affected by the ethnic, cultural, educational and linguistic features of their families. Germany has a population of approximately 82 million, about 7.2 million of whom are immigrants (Statisches Bundesamt 2009, pp.28-32). Children in immigrant families grow up with multiculturalism and multilingualism, therefore these children are categorized as a risk group in Germany. “Early Steps in Mathematics Learning – Family Study” (erStMaL-FaSt) is the one of the first familial studies in Germany to deal with the impact of familial socialization on mathematics learning. The study enables us to observe children from different ethnic groups with their family members in different mathematical play situations. The family study (erStMaL-FaSt) is empirically performed within the framework of the erStMaL (Early Steps in Mathematics Learning) project, which relates to the investigation of longitudinal mathematical cognitive development in preschool and early primary-school ages from a socio-constructivist perspective. This study uses two selected mathematical domains, Geometry and Measurement, and four play situations within these two mathematical domains.
My PhD study is situated in erStMaL-FaSt. Therefore, in the beginning of this first chapter, I briefly touch upon IDeA Centre and the erStMaL project and then elaborate on erStMaL-FaSt. As parts of my research concepts, I specify two themes of erStMaL-FaSt: family and play. Thereafter I elaborate upon my research interest. The aim of my study is the research and development of theoretical insights in the functioning of familial interactions for the formation of geometrical (spatial) thinking and learning of children of Turkish ethnic background. Therefore, still in Chapter 1, I present some background on the Turkish people who live in Germany and the spatial development of the children.
This study is designed as a longitudinal study and constructed from interactionist and socio-constructivist perspectives. From a socio-constructivist perspective the cognitive development of an individual is constitutively bound to the participation of this individual in a variety of social interactions. In this regard the presence of each family member provides the child with some “learning opportunities” that are embedded in the interactive process of negotiation of meaning about mathematical play. During the interaction of such various mathematical learning situations, there occur different emerging forms of participation and support. For the purpose of analysing the spatial development of a child in interaction processes in play situations with family members, various statuses of participation are constructed and theoretically described in terms of the concept of the “interactional niche in the development of mathematical thinking in the familial context” (NMT-Family) (Acar & Krummheuer, 2011), which is adapted to the special needs of familial interaction processes. The concept of the “interactional niche in the development of mathematical thinking” (NMT) consists of the “learning offerings” provided by a group or society, which are specific to their culture and are categorized as aspects of “allocation”, and of the situationally emerging performance occurring in the process of meaning negotiation, both of which are subsumed under the aspect of the “situation”, and of the individual contribution of the particular child, which constitutes the aspect of “child’s contribution” (Krummheuer 2011a, 2011b, 2012, 2014; Krummheuer & Schütte 2014). Thereby NMT-Family is constructed as a subconcept of NMT, which offers the advantage of closer analyses and comparisons between familial mathematical learning occasions in early childhood and primary school ages.
Within the scope of NMT-Family, a “mathematics learning support system” (MLSS) is an interactional system which may emerge between the child and the family members in the course of the interaction process of concrete situations in play (Krummheuer & Acar Bayraktar, 2011). All these topics are addressed in Chapter 2 as theoretical approaches and in Chapter 3 as the research method of this study. In Chapter 4 the data collection and analysis is clarified in respect of these approaches...
Eğitim, Öğretme ve Öğrenme konuları uluslararası eğitim alanında olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de son yıllarda en fazla konuşulan, tartışılan ve değişime uğrayan temadır. Öyle ki artan bilgi yoğunluğu, hızlı teknolojik kazanımlar ve buna bağlı olarak farklılaşan anlayış ve beklentiler eğitimin sürekli ve nitel açıdan irdelenmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çalışmada eğitim konusunun temel sorun ve soruları, uluslararası eğitim standartları ve değişen eğitim stratejileri, öğrenme ve etkin öğretme ile ilgili yeni yaklaşımları, öğretmen tanımlamaları, öğretmen-öğrenci ve veli iletişimin önemi, öğretmen kazanımları ve yeterlilikleri gibi geniş bir perspektif taranmaktadır. Çalışmada yüksek öğretim reformu kapsamında eğitim fakülteleri ve öğretmen yetiştirme modelleri ve bu çalışmaların uluslararası uyumu değerlendirilmekte ve daha iyi bir eğitim, daha etkin öğretme ve öğrenme için öneriler sunulmaktadır.
Plasticity supports the remarkable adaptability and robustness of cortical processing. It allows the brain to learn and remember patterns in the sensory world, to refine motor control, to predict and obtain reward, or to recover function after injury. Behind this great flexibility hide a range of plasticity mechanisms, affecting different aspects of neuronal communication. However, little is known about the precise computational roles of some of these mechanisms. Here, we show that the interaction between spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), intrinsic plasticity and synaptic scaling enables neurons to learn efficient representations of their inputs. In the context of reward-dependent learning, the same mechanisms allow a neural network to solve a working memory task. Moreover, although we make no any apriori assumptions on the encoding used for representing inputs, the network activity resembles that of brain regions known to be associated with working memory, suggesting that reward-dependent learning may be a central force in working memory development. Lastly, we investigated some of the clinical implications of synaptic scaling and showed that, paradoxically, there are situations in which the very mechanisms that normally are required to preserve the balance of the system, may act as a destabilizing factor and lead to seizures. Our model offers a novel explanation for the increased incidence of seizures following chronic inflammation.